EngRN: Cell Engineering (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"A Saddle Point Finding Method for Lorenz Attractor through Business Machine Learning Algorithm","authors":"K. Lam","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3837055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3837055","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer has a long time history in our human health experience. Practically, one-fifth of the disease was caused by virus infection. Thus, it is important for us to understand the virus-cancer infection mechanism. Statistically, we may perform the necessary causality regression analysis in such a situation to build up the corresponding model just like my previous case in influenza-weather infection. In the present research, I will interaction the systems of differential equations (Lorenz System) with my HKLam theory and figure out the recursive result that we may get. Then we may go ahead with the corresponding policy generated from the dynamic programming that can solve the Markov Decision Process. In addition, we may apply the HKLam theory to the chaotic time series and compare the model with machine learning one for a better selection with failure explanation. Finally, I will also discuss a novel mathematical method in determining the saddle point in the Lorenz attractor together with the gradient descent. The aim is to find the equilibrium for the Lorenz attractor with given initial conditions. It is hoped that the mathematics-statistics interaction together with the causal regression (Artificial Intelligence) model may finally help us fight against those diseases like virus-infected cancer or others.","PeriodicalId":280632,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Cell Engineering (Topic)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125521577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Microfluidic Encapsulation of Single Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Alginate Microgels as Injectable Fillers for Bone Regeneration","authors":"Chuanfeng An, Weijian Liu, Yang Zhang, Bo Pang, Hui Liu, Yujie Zhang, Haoyue Zhang, Liyuan Zhang, Hongbing Liao, Changle Ren, Huanan Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3539214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3539214","url":null,"abstract":"The encapsulation of cells in microscale hydrogels can provide a mimic of a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment to support cell viability and functions and to protect cells from the environmental stress, which have been widely used in tissue regeneration and cell therapies. Here, a microfluidics-based approach is developed for continuous encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at the single-cell level using alginate microgels. This microfluidic technique integrated on-chip encapsulation, gelation, and de-emulsification into a one-step fabrication process, which enables scalable cell encapsulation while retaining the viability and functionality of loaded cells. Remarkably, we observed MSCs encapsulated in Ca-alginate microgels at the single-cell level showed significantly enhanced osteogenesis and accelerated mineralization of the microgels which occurred only after 7 days of induction. Furthermore, MSCs laden in alginate microgels displayed significantly enhanced bone formation compared to MSCs mixed with microgels and acellular microgels in a rat tibial ablation model. To conclude, the current microfluidic technique represents a significant step toward continuous single cells encapsulation, fabrication, and purification. These microgels can boost bone regeneration by providing a controlled osteogenic microenvironment for encapsulated MSCs and facilitate stem cell therapy in the treatment of bone defects in a minimally invasive delivery way. Statement of significance The biological functions and therapeutic activities of single cells laden in microgels for tissue engineering remains less investigated. Here, we reported a microfluidic-based method for continuous encapsulation of single MSCs with high viability and functionality by integrating on-chip encapsulation, gelation, and de-emulsification into a one-step fabrication process. More importantly, MSCs encapsulated in alginate microgels at the single-cell level showed significantly enhanced osteogenesis, remarkably accelerated mineralization in vitro and bone formation capacity in vivo. Therefore, this single-cell encapsulation technique can facilitate stem cell therapy for bone regeneration and be potentially used in a variety of tissue engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":280632,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Cell Engineering (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114394573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urine-Derived Stem Cells Secreting Small Extracellular Vesicles Loaded in Acellular Amniotic Membrane for Wound Healing Promotion in Aged Mice","authors":"Yongjin Sun, Bi Chen, Juntao Zhang, Yunlong Yang, Haiyan Li, X. Niu, Qing Li, Weidong Wu, Zongping Xie, Fuyue Wu, Yang Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3478068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3478068","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic skin wound in the aged tissue is quite hard to repair because of the accumulation of senescent cells and incresing secretion of \"<i>senescence-associated secretory phenotype</i>\"-(SASP). Stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) show the ability to alleviate cellular senescence with very low risk of tumorigenesis and immune responses. Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) are a subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells and can be obtained easily and noninvasively. Therefore, USC derived sEVs are attractive for the treatment of aging-associated diseases. In addition, how to maximize the biological effects of sEVs in the wound remains a challenge. Human acellular amniotic membrane (HAAM) can effectively promote the wound healing, and its porous structure enables them to act as an ideal reservoir for sEVs delivery. In this study, we find that HAAM loaded with USC-sEVs can effectively accelerate the wound healing by ameliorating cellular senescence and reducing the secretion of SASP in aged skin wound. In vitro experiments, HAAM showed the ability to release USC-sEVs, which could rejuvenate senescent fibroblasts by activating Sirt1 and lead to the acceleration of pressure ulcer in aged mice. We present a more convenient and effective sEVs composited material for treating aged skin wound.","PeriodicalId":280632,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Cell Engineering (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129033478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Immobilization of Autologous Growth Factors to Control Vascularization in Bone Tissue Engineering","authors":"M. Casanova, Catarina Oliveira, E. Fernandes, R. Reis, T. H. Silva, A. Martins, N. Neves","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3396290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3396290","url":null,"abstract":"The intimate crosstalk, between endothelial and bone cells is essential for the reconstruction of bone defects. Indeed, a successful bone repair is greatly dependent on the formation of new blood vessels, to ensure the supply of nutrients and excretion of metabolites. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are involved on cell differentiation and bone vascularization to develop viable bone tissue. Herein it is hypothesized that autologous BMP-2 and VEGF bound in a parallel arrangement over a single nanofibrous substrate (NFM) can lead to a successful osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. An engineered biofunctional system was developed comprising anti-BMP-2 and anti-VEGF antibodies immobilized over the same NFMs in a parallel pattern design, in an attempt to recreate the vasculature of a bone tissue. The osteogenic and angiogenic potential of this engineered biofunctional system was demonstrated by culturing human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) during 21 days without exogenous induction. A chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay showed that the engineered biofunctional system comprising autologous BMP-2 and VEGF bound induced an increased angiogenic response. The angiogenic ability of this system, together with the osteogenic inductor BMP-2 enable obtaining an effective vascularized bone tissue engineering approach.","PeriodicalId":280632,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Cell Engineering (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128599553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Mental Health ~ The Mood Science of Mental Health","authors":"Stephen I. Ternyik, A. Fermelia","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3353500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3353500","url":null,"abstract":"Human's basic moods associated with her/his feeling state are examined in a Forensic Simulator. The simulator utilizes bio-feedback algorithms which use recorded hormonal measurement information as it's input which are taken from the mother during her menstrualcycle. They are the specific recordings of the mother's LH hormonal temporal activity. As such they provide a baseline for this research. The quantification of mood's will be presented in the form of the dynamic motion of the LH state space variables as expressed in various coordinate frames of reference.<br><br>At the time of conception, the mother experiences a wide variety of mood's ranging over the cycle from good to bad. As such this nominal 28 day cycle provides a fertile source of information as to the origin of moods. Conception is most likely to evolve either of two ways: a) with consent, or b) non-consent. In both cases, the health of the mother effects that of the child in the womb. Since the development of the human brain at the time of conception is virtual nonexistent, it is very probable that the moods of the mother during the pregnancy effects the child. Hence the feelings (mood science) of the mother provide circumstantial evidence of the child's mental health prior to birth. With the visual aid's that are obtainable from the Forensic Simulator the possibilities of incorporation of a subject into the “loop” completes the notion necessary for effective bio-feedback.","PeriodicalId":280632,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Cell Engineering (Topic)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125484482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Landscape of Genetic Content in the Human Microbiome","authors":"B. Tierney, Zhen Yang, Jacob M. Luber, M. Beaudin, Marsha C. Wibowo, Christina Baek, C. Patel, A. Kostic","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3318927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3318927","url":null,"abstract":"We have not quantitated the scale of human microbiome genetic diversity, an instrumental task for understanding human-microbe interactions. Here, to do so, we conducted a cross-study meta-analysis of metagenomes from two niches, the mouth and gut, amassing 3,655 samples from 21 studies. We found staggering genetic heterogeneity in our dataset, identifying that 50% of the genes in both datasets were “singletons”, meaning they were unique to specific individuals. We found that singletons arose from individual-specific, instransient, and extremely rare microbial strains. Further, we estimated that the oral and gut microbiomes universally contain 91 and 239 million unique genes, respectively, and that adequately sampling these spaces, such that each new metagenome contains 1% undiscovered genes, will take 6,000 and 20,000 samples. Overall, these results serve as a potential explanation for the large, unexplained heterogeneity observed in microbiome-derived human phenotypes.","PeriodicalId":280632,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Cell Engineering (Topic)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125877981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the Survival of hESC-Derived RPE Cells Using Layer-by-Layer in Vivo Self-Assembly","authors":"L. Ru, N. Wu, Keyu Wei, Yuxiao Zeng, Qiyou Li, Chuanhuang Weng, Chunge Ren, Bangqi Ren, Yijian Li, Xisu Hu, Yajie Fang, Chuhong Zhu, Yong Liu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3458142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3458142","url":null,"abstract":"Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell transplants have served as a cell therapy for treating retinal degenerative diseases. However, how to optimize the survival and engraftment of RPE cells is a great challenge. Here, we established human embryonic stem cells-derived RPE cells, then used layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly to coat RPE cells. Cells were assessed for cell survival, immunogenicity, and function in vitro and in vivo. LbL-RPE cell cultures, IFN-<i>γ</i> ELISIA, a mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, and a T-cell rejection assay indicated that a LbL coating optimized survival, function, and immunogenicity of RPE cells. LbL-RPE cell transplants into Royal Collage of Surgeons (RCS) rats showed in vivo self-assembly to optimize cells engraftment, and decreased immunogenicity as judged by the lack of a robust invasion of the transplant area by Iba1⁺ cells, CD3⁺ T cells, or MHC class II⁺ cells compared to untreated RPE cell transplants (immunosuppression was not used during the 5-wk study). Electroretinogram recordings also showed higher B wave amplitudes in RCS rats with LbL-RPE cell transplants. We demonstrate transplanted LbL in vivo self-assembly RPE cells enhance cell survival and engraftment optimizing immunogenicity and visual function. Thus, LbL in vivo self-assembly may be suite for treating retinal degenerative disease.","PeriodicalId":280632,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Cell Engineering (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115779744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}