Choong Yew Keong, N. Yousof, J. Jamal, Mohd Isa Wasiman
{"title":"Establishment of FTIR Database of Roselle Raw Material Originated From Western Coastline in Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Choong Yew Keong, N. Yousof, J. Jamal, Mohd Isa Wasiman","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.84837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84837","url":null,"abstract":"Herbs from different geographical regions may differ qualitatively and quantitatively, hence it is crucial to determine the active components of herbs from different regions and build a reference database. This study focused on the database establishment for the authentication of the raw material of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) collected at seven selected locations of the western coastline in Peninsular Malaysia. The validation on the unknown sample at the end of the study is to verify the accuracy of the established database. The inter-material distance (IMD) was presented as the mean distance of each sphere created by each batch of data from different locations. They were clustered with different folders and discriminated by Soft independent modelling by class analogy (SIMCA) algorithm. All materials from seven farms achieved 100% separation rate. The average IMD of these seven locations was 9.04. The FTIR techniques established in this study can be used to distinguish the geographical origin of the selected H. sabdariffa farm samples.","PeriodicalId":280462,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transforms - Century of Digitalization and Increasing Expectations","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123027510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of Fourier Analysis of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Color-Induced Long-Term Potentiation: A Novel Functional PET Spectroscopy (fPETS) Study in Mice","authors":"P. Njemanze, Mathias Kranz, P. Brust","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85641","url":null,"abstract":"Fourier time-series analysis could be used to segregate changes in the ventral and dorsal streams of the visual system in male and female mice. Color memory processes of long-term potentiation and long-term depression could be identified through spectral analysis. We used small animal positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) to measure the accumulation of [ 18 F] fluorodeoxyglucose ([ 18 F]FDG) in the mouse brain during light stimulation with blue and yellow filters compared to darkness condition. The mean standardized uptake values (SUV) of [ 18 F]FDG for each stimulus condition was analyzed using standard Fourier analysis software to derive spectral density estimates for each condition. Spectral peaks were identified as originating from the subcortical region (S-peak) by subcortical long-term potentiation (SLTP) or depression (SLTD), and originating from the cortical region (C-peak) by cortical long-term potentiation (CLTP) or depression (CLTD). Luminance opponency occurred at S-peak by SLTP in the dorsal stream in the left visual cortex in male mice. On the other hand, chromatic opponency occurred by wavelength-differencing at C-peak by CLTP in the cortico-subcortical pathways in the ventral stream in the left visual cortex in male mice. In contrast in female mice, during luminance processing, there was resonance phenomenon at C-peak in the ventral stream in the right visual cortex. Chromatic opponency occurred at S-peak by SLTP in the dorsal stream in the right visual cortex in female mice. Application of Fourier analysis improved spatial and temporal resolutions of conventional f PET/MRI methods. Computation of color processing as a conscious experience has wide range applications in neuroscience and artificial intelligence.","PeriodicalId":280462,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transforms - Century of Digitalization and Increasing Expectations","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134641464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. M. V. Arcos, Ricardo Teodoro Paez Hernandez, Alejandro Perez Ricardez, Jaime Granados Samaniego
{"title":"Fourier Transforms for Generalized Fredholm Equations","authors":"J. M. V. Arcos, Ricardo Teodoro Paez Hernandez, Alejandro Perez Ricardez, Jaime Granados Samaniego","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85993","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter we take the conventional Fredholm integral equations as a guideline to define a broad class of equations we name generalized Fredholm equations with a larger scope of applications. We show first that these new kind of equations are really vector-integral equations with the same properties but with redefined and also enlarged elements in its structure replacing the old traditional concepts like in the case of the source or inhomogeneous term with the generalized source useful for describing the electromagnetic wave propagation. Then we can apply a Fourier transform to the new equations in order to obtain matrix equations to both types, inhomogeneous and homogeneous generalized Fredholm equations. Meanwhile, we discover new properties of the field we can describe with this new technology, that is, mean; we recognize that the old concept of nuclear resonances is present in the new equations and reinterpreted as the brake of the confinement of the electromagnetic field. It is important to say that some segments involving mathematical details of our present work were published somewhere by us, as part of independent researches with different specific goals, and we recall them as a tool to give a sound support of the Fourier transforms.","PeriodicalId":280462,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transforms - Century of Digitalization and Increasing Expectations","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133895505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of Financial Time Series in Frequency Domain Using Neural Networks","authors":"Stefan Nikolic, G. Nikolić","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85885","url":null,"abstract":"Developing new methods for forecasting of time series and application of existing techniques in different areas represents a permanent concern for both researchers and companies that are interested to gain competitive advantages. Financial market analysis is an important thing for investors who invest money on the market and want some kind of security in multiplying their investment. Between the existing techniques, artificial neural networks have proven to be very good in predicting financial market performance. In this chapter, for time series analysis and forecasting of specific values, nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) neural network is used. As an input to the network, both data in time domain and those in the frequency domain obtained using the Fourier transform are used. After the experiment was performed, the results were compared to determine the potentially best time series for predicting, as well as the convenience of the domain in which better results are obtained.","PeriodicalId":280462,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transforms - Century of Digitalization and Increasing Expectations","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128489299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Directional Denoising Using Fourier Spectrum Cloning","authors":"L. Navarro, J. Molimard","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85519","url":null,"abstract":"Fourier filtering for image denoising consists in masking parts of the Fourier spectrum of an image and using inverse Fourier transform of the masked image to obtain the denoised one. In cases of directional noise, this process can induce artifacts, mainly because of the spatial coherence that exists in the theoretical noise-free image. Moreover, it can lead to loss of low-frequency content that is important in applications such as fringe projection technique, which aims at measuring 3D elevations of a surface. A method based on the principle of Fourier spectrum cloning for the denoising of images is proposed in this chapter. This method improves the PSNR and the SSIM ratio in comparison with spectrum masking denoising. The method will be detailed first, and then examples of image denoising in two different applications will be presented.","PeriodicalId":280462,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transforms - Century of Digitalization and Increasing Expectations","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130320926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fourier Transform in Ultrafast Spectroscopy","authors":"A. Chauvet","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84897","url":null,"abstract":"Laser technology allows to generate femtoseconds-long pulses of light. These light pulses can be used to learn about the molecules with which they interact. Consequently, pulsed laser spectroscopy has become an important tool for inves-tigating and characterizing electronic and nuclear structure of protein complexes. These spectroscopic techniques can either be performed in the time or frequency domain. Both the time and frequency domain are linked by Fourier Transform (FT) and thus, FT plays a central role in optical spectroscopy. Ultimately, FT is used to explain how light behaves. It is used to explain spectroscopic techniques and enables the development of new techniques. Finally, FT is used to process and analyze data. This chapter thus illustrates the centrality of FT in ultrafast optical spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":280462,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transforms - Century of Digitalization and Increasing Expectations","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129520379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Discrete Hankel Transform","authors":"N. Baddour","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84399","url":null,"abstract":"The Hankel transform is an integral transform and is also known as the Fourier-Bessel transform. Until recently, there was no established discrete version of the transform that observed the same sort of relationship to its continuous counterpart as the discrete Fourier transform does to the continuous Fourier transform. Previous definitions of a discrete Hankel transform (DHT) only focused on methods to approximate the integrals of the continuous Hankel integral transform. Recently published work has remedied this and this chapter presents this theory. Specifically, this chapter presents a theory of a DHT that is shown to arise from a discretization scheme based on the theory of Fourier-Bessel expansions. The standard set of shift, modulation, multiplication, and convolution rules are shown. In addition to being a discrete transform in its own right, this DHT can approximate the continuous forward and inverse Hankel transform.","PeriodicalId":280462,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transforms - Century of Digitalization and Increasing Expectations","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125807810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The RR Interval Spectrum, the ECG Signal, and Aliasing","authors":"A. Gersten, O. Gersten, A. Ronen, Y. Cassuto","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85327","url":null,"abstract":"A reliable spectral analysis requires sampling rate at least twice as large as the frequency bound, otherwise the analysis will be unreliable and plagued with aliasing distortions. The RR samplings do not satisfy the above requirements and therefore their spectral analysis might be unreliable. \u0000In order to demonstrate the feasibility of aliasing in RR spectral analysis, we have done an experiment which have shown clearly how the aliasing was developed. In the experiments, one of us (A.G) had kept his high breathing rate constant with the aid of metronome for more than 5 minutes. The breathing rate was larger than one-half the heart rate. Very accurate results were obtained and the resulting aliasing well understood. To our best knowledge this is the first controlled experiment of this kind coducted on humans. \u0000We compared the RR spectral analysis with the spectrum of the ECG signals from which the RR intervals were extracted. In the significant for RR analysis frequencies (below one-half Hertz) significant differences were observed. \u0000In conclusion we recommend to study the spectral analysis of the ECG signal in the free of aliasing frequency range.","PeriodicalId":280462,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transforms - Century of Digitalization and Increasing Expectations","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131526314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}