{"title":"Recovery problems","authors":"C. Gibson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter details the clinical problems anaesthetists often face with patients in the recovery unit. These include acute coronary syndromes and other causes of chest pain, acute heart failure, hypertension and hypotension, respiratory failure and hypoxia, acute confusion, lowered consciousness level and stroke, residual neuromuscular blockade, oliguria and acute renal failure, severe postoperative nausea and vomiting, and epidural problems. In addition, the definitions, presentation, management strategies, investigations, risk factors, exclusions and causes, and any special considerations for each potential recovery-related situation are given and elaborated upon. Lists of up-to-date online resources and further reading are also provided here, offering invaluable know-how to encourage the reader to broaden their knowledge.","PeriodicalId":280160,"journal":{"name":"Emergencies in Anaesthesia","volume":"4 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128962426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neurology/neurosurgery","authors":"Katharine Hunt, Manni Waraich","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter on neurosurgery and anaesthesia, the authors give clear guidance for the management of time critical brain and neurological conditions, including raised intracerebral pressure, severe head injury, subarachnoid and intracerebral haemorrhage, sodium disturbances, venous air embolism, acute spinal cord injury, spinal shock, autonomic dysreflexia, dystonic reactions, and status epilepticus. In addition, the definitions, presentation, management strategies, investigations, risk factors, exclusions and causes, and any special considerations for each potential neurosurgical and neurologically related situation are given. Lists of up-to-date online resources and further reading are also provided here, offering invaluable know-how to encourage the reader to broaden their knowledge.","PeriodicalId":280160,"journal":{"name":"Emergencies in Anaesthesia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125807274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Equipment problems","authors":"K. Gupta","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides the reader with logical guidelines and checklists to investigate and quickly correct problems with anaesthetic equipment. The anaesthetist is dependent on the smooth and correct functioning of the necessary equipment, and this chapter explains some of the issues that may be encountered. The areas covered are: leaks in the anaesthetic breathing circuit, ventilator failure, oxygen supply failure, theatre power failure, and causes of high airway pressure. Each problem is addressed by firstly its definitions, presentation, investigations, risk factors, and exclusions; then how it can be managed in the immediate, medium-, and long-term situations. Finally, any special considerations are outlaid, followed by a list of further reading.","PeriodicalId":280160,"journal":{"name":"Emergencies in Anaesthesia","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124433349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regional anaesthesia","authors":"Dr. Owen Davies","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"There are a number of important emergencies associated with regional anaesthesia that the anaesthetist should be aware of. Life-threatening emergencies, such as local anaesthetic systemic toxicity leading to cardiorespiratory arrest can occur irrespective of the site of local anaesthetic infiltration. Specific procedures including epidural and spinal anaesthesia, eye blocks, and peripheral nerve blocks cause a range of surgical emergencies and severe complications. Neuraxial anaesthesia carries the risk of epidural haematoma and abscess while infiltration or local anaesthetic around the globe carries the risk of both retro-orbital haematoma and globe perforation, all of which may require urgent surgical intervention. Although literature supports the safety of low concentration (1 in 200 000) adrenaline as an additive to digital blocks, inadvertent injection of higher concentrations may have the potential for ischaemic injury. Finally, the assessment and diagnosis of perioperative nerve injuries when associated with a peripheral nerve block present a formidable clinical challenge.","PeriodicalId":280160,"journal":{"name":"Emergencies in Anaesthesia","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128499727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cardiovascular","authors":"Jerry Nolan, C. Dunlop","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the latest basic and advanced life support guidelines are presented. Treatment guidelines are included for asystole, pulseless electrical activity, ventricular fibrillation, bradycardia, atrial fibrillation, narrow-complex tachycardia, broad-complex tachycardia, intraoperative hypotension/hypertension, and myocardial ischaemia. Anaesthesia and emergency management guidelines are presented for patients with cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolus, cardiac trauma, thoracic aortic dissection, aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, and mitral regurgitation. Definitions, presentation, management strategies, investigations, risk factors, exclusions and causes, and any special considerations for each cardiovascular situation are all covered here. Detailed checklists and clear flowcharts are also provided to guide the user when time is of the essence, along with a list of up-to-date online resources and further reading.","PeriodicalId":280160,"journal":{"name":"Emergencies in Anaesthesia","volume":"239 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121795262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Isaac, M. Stoneham, Nerida Williams, B. Mccormick
{"title":"Miscellaneous problems","authors":"J. Isaac, M. Stoneham, Nerida Williams, B. Mccormick","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"The penultimate chapter covers miscellaneous topics not described elsewhere. Major haemorrhage is addressed with sections on controlling haemorrhage, using blood products, and diagnosing/treating acute transfusion reactions. Guidance is given for treating patients with burns, extravasation of anaesthetic agents, intra-arterial injection, inoculation injury, and bone cement implantation syndrome. Advice is presented for managing fire in theatre. Clinical guidance/recipes are given for anaesthetising patients who have bled after tonsillectomy, thyroid surgery, or carotid endarterectomy. The final two sections concern patients undergoing emergency laparotomy or emergency aortic aneurysm repair. Each problem is addressed by firstly its definitions, presentation, investigations, risk factors, and exclusions; then how it can be managed in the immediate, medium-, and long-term situations. Finally, any special considerations are outlined, followed by a list of further reading.","PeriodicalId":280160,"journal":{"name":"Emergencies in Anaesthesia","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124062842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thoracics","authors":"J. Bennett, G. Gould","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter on life-threatening thoracic problems in anaesthesia, the authors offer their guidance and expertise on the best-practice methods of dealing with each of these. These problems include tracheal/bronchial obstruction, inhaled foreign body, tracheal injury or laceration, bronchopleural fistula, hypoxia/pneumothorax/high airway pressure during one-lung ventilation, dynamic hyperinflation, cardiac herniation postpneumonectomy, major airway bleeding, and bleeding during mediastinoscopy. In addition, the definitions, presentation, management strategies, investigations, risk factors, exclusions and causes, and any special considerations for each potential thoracically related situation are given and elaborated upon. Lists of up-to-date online resources and further reading are also provided here, offering invaluable know-how to encourage the reader to broaden their knowledge.","PeriodicalId":280160,"journal":{"name":"Emergencies in Anaesthesia","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126205001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paediatrics","authors":"D. Lutman","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter on paediatrics starts by covering neonatal resuscitation and basic and advanced paediatric life support. It then moves on to discuss the anaesthetic management of children suffering from drowning, acute severe asthma, stridor, anaphylaxis, major trauma, burns, and sepsis. Tables are provided showing normal weights and physiological parameters, and guiding choice of equipment size for different age ranges. A drug formulary is included with dose calculations for commonly used medicines. Definitions, presentation, management strategies, investigations, risk factors, exclusions, and causes, and any special considerations for each potential paediatric-related situation are given. Lists of up-to-date online resources and further reading are also provided here, offering invaluable know-how to encourage the reader to broaden their knowledge.","PeriodicalId":280160,"journal":{"name":"Emergencies in Anaesthesia","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129564021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Respiratory","authors":"Tim Cook, B. Walton","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter, describes the management of respiratory emergencies. Definitions, presentation, management strategies, investigations, risk factors, exclusions and causes, and any special considerations (e.g. paediatric implications) for each respiratory-related situation are covered. Topics covered include hypercapnia, hypocapnia, hypoxaemia, simple and tension pneumothorax, pulmonary oedema, severe bronchospasm, massive haemoptysis, air/gas embolism, ,difficult controlled ventilation and management of inhaled foreign body and airway bleeding.. Detailed checklists and clear flowcharts are also provided to guide the user when time is of the essence, along with a list of up-to-date online resources and further reading.","PeriodicalId":280160,"journal":{"name":"Emergencies in Anaesthesia","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115415559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Practical procedures","authors":"Louise Cossey, B. Mccormick","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758143.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"The final chapter provides instructions for practical procedures which support advice given in other sections. Techniques for managing difficult airways are explored including front of neck access (by surgical or needle cricothyroidotomy), intubating laryngeal mask insertion, awake fibreoptic intubation, lightwand-assisted airway management, and retrograde intubation. Meanwhile, techniques for chest drain insertion and one-lung ventilation are described. Methods of administering bronchodilators by in-circuit nebulization or metered dose inhaler are offered. Advanced access techniques for the circulation are also presented, including internal jugular catheters, femoral vein catheters, intraosseous needle insertion, and venous cut-down. Pacing is discussed within the contexts of initiating new pacing (internal and external) and providing anaesthesia for patients with pre-existing implantable pacing systems and cardioverter defibrillators. A final section gives guidance on transferring critically ill patients.","PeriodicalId":280160,"journal":{"name":"Emergencies in Anaesthesia","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133688516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：