{"title":"Prologue","authors":"Philip Martin","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198867845.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867845.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Jose Martinez wakes up at 4 a.m. to ensure he is on time for a ride to the fields. After a quick breakfast, Jose meets his raitero, the driver of a van that carries seven workers to fields up to two hours away. Arriving at the orchard at 6:30 a.m., Jose will work four hours, take a break, work another two hours and, after a half-hour lunch and an afternoon break, quit at 3:30 p.m. and make the drive back to the mobile home he shares with his wife and three children. Jose earns California’s 2019 minimum wage of $12 an hour or $96 for an eight-hour day, but was away from home thirteen hours. He paid $10 for the ride to and from work....","PeriodicalId":277430,"journal":{"name":"The Prosperity Paradox","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128408079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"Philip A. Martin","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198867845.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867845.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the world’s extreme poverty is in rural and agricultural areas. Many young people living on farms in developing countries realize that they will never be able to climb the economic ladder and escape poverty if they farm as their parents and grandparents did. The bright lights of cities attract rural youth to urban areas at home and abroad, meaning that millions of people change both their residence from rural to urban and their occupation from farm to nonfarm each year. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) estimated that there were four internal migrants who moved from agricultural to urban areas within their countries for each international migrant who left her country of birth and remained abroad a year or more (...","PeriodicalId":277430,"journal":{"name":"The Prosperity Paradox","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124844440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}