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Addressing “Triple Voids” and the Roles of Multinational Enterprises in Bangladesh Garment Exports: 解决孟加拉服装出口中的 "三重空白 "和跨国企业的作用：
ADB South Asia Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.22617/wps240359
Kyoung-Joo Lee, Sungsup Ra, Ryotaro Hayashi
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引用次数: 0
An Empirical Evaluation of Monetary and Fiscal Policy Effects in Bangladesh 孟加拉国货币和财政政策效果的实证评价
ADB South Asia Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-08-09 DOI: 10.22617/WPS190285-2
Md. Shahnawaz Karim
{"title":"An Empirical Evaluation of Monetary and Fiscal Policy Effects in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Shahnawaz Karim","doi":"10.22617/WPS190285-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22617/WPS190285-2","url":null,"abstract":"Macroeconomic policy management is crucial for attaining sustainable economic growth with a stable rate of inflation. This working paper examines monetary and fiscal policies in Bangladesh and their effectiveness in achieving sustainable growth and price stability. It concludes that Bangladesh should focus on a combination of expansionary monetary policies and restrictive fiscal policies as the most beneficial approach.","PeriodicalId":274935,"journal":{"name":"ADB South Asia Working Paper Series","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115922482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Microfinance for Disaster Recovery: 灾后恢复小额信贷:
ADB South Asia Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-05-14 DOI: 10.22617/WPS190025-2
N. Dhakal, Nav Raj Simkhada, Mayumi Ozaki
{"title":"Microfinance for Disaster Recovery:","authors":"N. Dhakal, Nav Raj Simkhada, Mayumi Ozaki","doi":"10.22617/WPS190025-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22617/WPS190025-2","url":null,"abstract":"Disasters often affect the poor more than other segments of society. Once a disaster strikes, the poor have to allocate their scarce resources to cope with the disaster’s effects. With the limited financial resources they rely on after a disaster, the poor often sink deeper into poverty. Microfinance institutions (MFIs) can assist the poor’s disaster recovery by providing emergency microcredit and other relief services. MFIs are well positioned to assist the poor’s recovery because of their close association with rural communities, as well as their commitment and mandate to serve the poor. This report assesses the impact of the livelihood restoration microcredit provided to the affected households after the earthquake in Nepal in April 2015. The assessment found that access to finance after a disaster has a critical positive impact on the affected households’ recovery. The report also provides recommendations on how MFIs can play a role in supporting rural communities’ disaster risk mitigation and preparedness efforts.","PeriodicalId":274935,"journal":{"name":"ADB South Asia Working Paper Series","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126626445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring Strategies for Planned Urban Cluster Development in South Asia 南亚城市群规划发展策略探讨
ADB South Asia Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-04-10 DOI: 10.22617/WPS190072-2
S. Jha, S. Raghuram, Siddhant Awasthi
{"title":"Exploring Strategies for Planned Urban Cluster Development in South Asia","authors":"S. Jha, S. Raghuram, Siddhant Awasthi","doi":"10.22617/WPS190072-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22617/WPS190072-2","url":null,"abstract":"Most cities in South Asia have developed as unconnected centers of growth with unplanned urbanization. Limited fiscal resources and lack of collaborative planning expose their municipal bodies to great challenges. City governments must battle urban sprawl and increasing congestion while ensuring quality public services and maintaining their fiscal health. In contrast, urban clusters—that is, a core city surrounded by other cities—benefit from agglomeration effects, network externalities, and economies of scale, giving them a competitive edge over stand-alone cities. Clusters are seen as potential drivers of economic growth as they harness the economic potential of neighboring cities and towns upstream, and support the growth of domestic and regional corridors downstream. They could be financial centers like Tokyo, Shanghai, and Mumbai; technology hubs like Singapore and Bengaluru; or primate cities like Dhaka and Jakarta. Regardless of the form they take, clusters have influenced the location of industries, allocation of national resources, development of transportation networks, and international trade dynamics. For South Asia to become a leading economic power, development of its cities as prospective centers of growth and dynamism holds great promise. Economically successful clusters are expected to house advanced technology companies and research centers, provide high-quality education facilities, and offer a wide variety of jobs and good living conditions. We identify Mumbai, Delhi, and Dhaka as mature cities in the region; and Pune, Bengaluru, Ahmedabad, Chennai, Colombo, and Kathmandu as emerging cities that display the potential for growth and transition into clusters. To succeed, these cities must avoid lock-in to inefficient urban sprawls; exploit the economic capacity of cities, towns, and villages developing around them; and ensure quality public services to citizens. Based on an examination of the status of development of these cities and assessment of key challenges they face, we develop a list of strategic options for urban cluster development.","PeriodicalId":274935,"journal":{"name":"ADB South Asia Working Paper Series","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121863624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Industrialization of Developing Countries in a Multicountry Multisector Capital Accumulation Model 一个多国多部门资本积累模型下的发展中国家工业化
ADB South Asia Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.22617/WPS189783-2
Tadateru Hayashi
{"title":"Industrialization of Developing Countries in a Multicountry Multisector Capital Accumulation Model","authors":"Tadateru Hayashi","doi":"10.22617/WPS189783-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22617/WPS189783-2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows that industrialization of developing countries, defined as start of production of investment goods, happens when their share in global production exceeds the global demand for consumption goods. Industrialization is simulated in a capital accumulation model with two countries (advanced and developing), three goods, and two factors. The model accommodates trade relations where countries specialize in the production of one or two goods, which happens when countries have relatively different factor endowments. The model includes production under monopolistic competition and with intermediate inputs. Capital mobility across the border can facilitate industrialization, but the developing country continues borrowing capital from the advanced country at the steady state where capital accumulation stops. The model also shows that a gap in per labor capital between countries narrows, but the developing country never catches up with the advanced country. Gaps between the countries are smaller in per labor gross domestic product and consumption, than in per labor capital.","PeriodicalId":274935,"journal":{"name":"ADB South Asia Working Paper Series","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134250985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Energy Technology Innovation in South Asia: 南亚的能源技术创新:
ADB South Asia Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.22617/WPS179175-2
R. Mohideen
{"title":"Energy Technology Innovation in South Asia:","authors":"R. Mohideen","doi":"10.22617/WPS179175-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22617/WPS179175-2","url":null,"abstract":"This working paper addresses how energy systems and services in South Asia can improve women’s economic empowerment and well-being. It focuses on integrating gender equity considerations into technology design and on drawing women into this process for equal employment opportunities. South Asia’s low-carbon energy transition has significant implications for gender equality and social inclusion. The rising energy demand and the commitment to mitigate climate change are the driving force in energy technology innovation. This paper is the beginning of an ongoing research project that will also include a pilot program to field test a gender equality and social inclusion reference energy system.","PeriodicalId":274935,"journal":{"name":"ADB South Asia Working Paper Series","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133849875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Enabling Smart Urban Redevelopment in India through Floor Area Ratio Incentives 通过容积率激励措施实现印度的智能城市重建
ADB South Asia Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.22617/WPS189452-2
A. Shenvi, R. Slangen
{"title":"Enabling Smart Urban Redevelopment in India through Floor Area Ratio Incentives","authors":"A. Shenvi, R. Slangen","doi":"10.22617/WPS189452-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22617/WPS189452-2","url":null,"abstract":"This working paper assesses the potential of incentive FAR approaches in two Indian cities, Mumbai and Ahmedabad, for leveraging the economic value of urban land. A thorough analysis of Mumbai’s cluster redevelopment approach revealed this mechanism has substantial potential for augmenting municipal revenue and contributing to public infrastructure improvements. However, its success is highly dependent on the local land and real estate markets, and it may not result in sustainable and inclusive development in the long term. Additionally, it also has significant spatial impacts that need to be considered when adapting this approach for other contexts. On the other hand, Ahmedabad’s proposal for rejuvenating its central business district is still in its early stages, and requires careful assessment of land markets in the city, as well as infrastructure and service requirements generated by the increased population density. The implementing agencies need to formulate a mechanism that enables them to link revenue obtained from additional FAR to infrastructure improvements in the area from which it originates.","PeriodicalId":274935,"journal":{"name":"ADB South Asia Working Paper Series","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122927956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Closing the Financing Gap in Asian Infrastructure 缩小亚洲基础设施融资缺口
ADB South Asia Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.22617/WPS189402-2
Sungsup Ra, Zhigang Li
{"title":"Closing the Financing Gap in Asian Infrastructure","authors":"Sungsup Ra, Zhigang Li","doi":"10.22617/WPS189402-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22617/WPS189402-2","url":null,"abstract":"Infrastructure investment in Asia faces a massive financing gap, both in “hard” and “soft” infrastructure, despite the region’s high savings. Underlying this gap is a capital flow paradox in which Asia’s outflow of portfolio funds far exceeds the inflow. To change this, solutions in at least three areas are necessary: innovative measures to mitigate constraints, preparation of bankable projects, and mitigation of risks. This study presents examples from actual investment projects to illustrate the latest developments addressing some fundamental constraints on infrastructure financing. “[t]he infrastructure story is tantalizing—trillions of dollars needed in infrastructure upgrades and a global wall of money seeking yield. Yet the investable universe is small and funds take a long time to invest...” (BlackRock 2014)","PeriodicalId":274935,"journal":{"name":"ADB South Asia Working Paper Series","volume":"270 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116422635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Trade Costs, Time, and Supply Chain Reliability 贸易成本、时间和供应链可靠性
ADB South Asia Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.22617/WPS189387-2
U. Kumar, Ben Shepherd, Roselle Dime
{"title":"Trade Costs, Time, and Supply Chain Reliability","authors":"U. Kumar, Ben Shepherd, Roselle Dime","doi":"10.22617/WPS189387-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22617/WPS189387-2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses measures of international transport time, in median and standard deviation, based on shipment-level data from the Universal Postal Union, to analyze the effect of time on trade costs. The paper finds robust evidence that median shipping times increase trade costs by a substantial amount. The evidence for uncertainty, as measured by the standard deviation of shipment time, is contrary to expectations, likely due to problems recording data on the ground. It also analyzes the determinants of shipping times and finds that geographical distance is the most reliable indicator of median time and uncertainty, with logistics performance, as measured by the World Bank’s Logistics Performance Index, also playing a role in determining shipment times. South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation countries could benefit from investing additional resources in improving connectivity and thereby reducing transport times and increasing reliability to major markets.","PeriodicalId":274935,"journal":{"name":"ADB South Asia Working Paper Series","volume":"243 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116289257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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