Geosciences Research最新文献

{"title":"Quality Assessment of Groundwater in the Lower Litani Basin (LLRB), Lebanon","authors":"N. Nehme, Chaden Haydar, A. Dib, Nawal Ajouz, K. Tarawneh","doi":"10.22606/gr.2020.51001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/gr.2020.51001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":269518,"journal":{"name":"Geosciences Research","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131724446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control the Size and Uniformity of Rock Fragmentation by Optimizing Firing Pattern in Open Pit Mine","authors":"Yoshiaki Takahashi, T. Sasaoka, Sugeng Wahyudi, A. Hamanaka, H. Shimada","doi":"10.22606/GR.2019.42001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/GR.2019.42001","url":null,"abstract":"Rock fragmentation is one of the major concern in surface mining because of its strong influence on the efficiency and productivity of the mining operation. Although past researches show that the size of rock fragmentation can be controlled by optimizing blasting designs, the effects of blasting designs or prediction methods of the size of rock fragmentation have not yet been discussed enough yet. In addition, the research works only focused on the controll and prediction of means size of the rock fragmentation. However, they have not considered the uniformity of the rock fragmentation despite all the size of rock fragmentation sould be ideally same in terms of efficiency. Firing patttern including delay time is one of the blasting designs which can be easiliy altered and has low impact on the production. Therefore, the effect of firing pattern on both the size and uniformity of rock fragmentation was discussed in this study. The results showed that two directions of firing pattern had advantage in terms of both mean size and uniformity of rock fragmentation.","PeriodicalId":269518,"journal":{"name":"Geosciences Research","volume":"331 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122838795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suitability of Widely Followed Earthquake Early Warning Systems to Seismically Active Regions of India, by Considering Destructive Intensity as a Parameter","authors":"B. Olympa, K. Ashok, K. Abhishek","doi":"10.22606/GR.2019.41001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/GR.2019.41001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Indian subcontinent has been witnessing moderate to damaging earthquakes (EQs) since prehistoric times. With growth in the population density and the construction activity, the probable damage during future EQs will also be manifold in comparison to the past. Issuing warnings in advance to the actual arrival of damage causing secondary waves under Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) system is widely followed in different parts of the globe. Though India has been facing EQ induced damages on an alarming level, no functioning EEW system is available in the Indian subcontinent. Present work tests the effectiveness of widely followed Compact Urgent Earthquake Detection and Alarm System (UrEDAS) of Japan by using Destructive Intensity (DI) as a parameter. Main findings: To do so, firstly based on PEER records, empirical correlation between magnitude and intensity is proposed for the detection of alarming EQ. Further, proposed correlation is applied to three different sources of ground motion dataset namely K-NET, PEER and PESMOS in order find out to whether the ground motion is corresponding to a damaging EQ, based on P wave arrival and subsequently use the information to issue a warning in advance. In the absence of recorded ground motion for major to great EQs in India, synthetic ground motions developed in earlier work are used for identification of damaging EQs and issuing of alarm. Conclusions: Overall, it is found that out of 149 EQ records (M ≥ 5) considered in this work, 139 EQs are found correct to raise warning, based on the proposed methodology. In addition, the time window of escape between issue of warning and the actual arrival of secondary waves, are found to vary from 0s to 1mins approximately. Findings from present work concludes that identification of damaging EQ based on first 3s P wave signature, as followed in US and Japan are also compatible for Indian subcontinent towards development of a EEW for the country. This will be very helpful in minimizing casualties and building damages during probable future EQs in India.","PeriodicalId":269518,"journal":{"name":"Geosciences Research","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129367620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Younger Granites and Associated Pegmatites of Gabal El Fereyid – Wadi Rahaba Area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt: Geological and Geochemical Characteristics","authors":"M. Dawoud, G. Saleh, H. A. Shahin, F. Khaleal, B. M. Emad","doi":"10.22606/GR.2018.34001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/GR.2018.34001","url":null,"abstract":"Lithologically, the rock types of G. El Fereyid W. Rahaba area are dominantly granites associated with pegmatites. The granitic rocks comprise tonalite and monzogranite with (minor acidic dykes), quartz and pegmatites occur as a vein type (granitic and perthitic pegmatites) hosted within the monzogranite. Structural analysis shows the presence of a prominent set of folds with axes striking WNW to NW and a less prominent set with pronounced ENE and NNW trends. Petrochemical studies and tectonic discrimination diagrams for the monzogranite reveal that it is classified as post orogenic granites (POG). Geochemically, monzogranite shows enrichment (peaks) of large ion lithophile elements (LILE; Pb, Rb, Ba, Sr) and high field strength elements (HFSE; Y, Zr, Nd,) and depletion (troughs) of K, P and Ti. Pegmatite shows enrichment (peaks) of large ion lithophile elements (LILE; Pb, Rb, Sr) and high field strength elements (HFSE; Y, Zr, Th, U, Nb) and depletion (troughs) of K, P and Ti. They exhibit high K-calc alkaline magma and peraluminous characteristics and considered as post orogenic granites (POG). The monzogranite reveal small to moderate negative Eu anomaly, while the pegmatites reveal moderate to large negative Eu anomaly. The pegmatite displays clear W-type tetrad effect of the REE while, the studied monzogranite do not show tetrad effect.","PeriodicalId":269518,"journal":{"name":"Geosciences Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125038991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Rainfall Trend and Monitoring Meteorological Drought in a Himalayan Watershed of India","authors":"A. Mishra, Anil Kumar","doi":"10.22606/GR.2018.34002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/GR.2018.34002","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of rainfall trend and monitoring meteorological drought and wet conditions are very important in dealing with agricultural planning and water resources management under the influence of changing climate in the Himalayan region. This study was conducted to assess rainfall trend and monitor the drought and wet pattern at four stations, namely Naula, Kedar, Chaukhutia and Mehalchauri, located in the upper Ramganga River catchment in Uttarakhand state of India in the central Himalayan region. Rainfall trend analysis at these stations was carried out using MannKendall test and Sen’s slope estimator. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at multiple time scales of 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12and 24-months was used to assess meteorological drought and wet pattern at Naula station. Results have indicated a significantly downward trend in December and postmonsoon season and an upward trend in September at Naula station. Significantly downward trend was also observed in July, December and monsoon season at Kedar station, and in June, July, August, monsoon and annual data series at Chaukhutia station. No significant trend was observed at Mehalchauri station. Study also revealed that there are more chances of occurrences of mild drought and wet conditions and only meager chances of moderate drought and wet conditions during monsoon season. However, the chances of severe and extreme drought and wet conditions are almost negligible. Therefore, efforts must be made to harvest the excess water during the wet periods and utilize the same during the periods of mild and moderate drought for drinking, household activities and irrigation purposes.","PeriodicalId":269518,"journal":{"name":"Geosciences Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114306680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Note on the Chemical Composition and Origin of Peridot from the Harrat Kishb, Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. A. Surour","doi":"10.22606/GR.2018.34003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/GR.2018.34003","url":null,"abstract":"Zabarjad (peridot in Arabic) is a common gemstone of valuable importance used in jewelry. It is the mineral olivine that has some gemological characters that classify it as peridot or gem olivine. Although it is not found in huge quantities in Saudi Arabia, there are some mining activities to extract peridot from the Harrat Kishb where the mineral is found scattered in alkali basalt or in the scree and wadi deposits. The basaltic flows at the Harrat Kishb include this gem olivine in the form of mantle xenoliths that comprise both dunite and peridotite. The size of collected peridot lies in the range of 0.4-0.8 cm and it occurs either as free olivine or in the form of cluster with components of host basalt. The collected crystals are transparent olive-green after washing and screening. Using the modern technique of analysis by the electron microprobe, the accurate chemical composition of peridot crystals was obtained. The studied peridot is a Mg-rich end-member of the foresterite (Mg) and fayalite (Fe) solid solution series where the forsterite content is Fo90.35-92.31. Such composition of olivine is similar to majority of olivine in the ultramafic mantle beneath the western Arabian Peninsula. The present work uses the concentrations of some elements such as Mn, Ni and Ca in addition to the forsterite content to characterize the Saudi peridot. It is typically terrsterial when compared to extraterrestrial (pallastic) olivine, and mostly xenocrystic and rarely magmatic. The forsterite content (Fo>90) suggests transition from a residual to cumulate origin.","PeriodicalId":269518,"journal":{"name":"Geosciences Research","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116147496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies and Present Achievements in Sri Lanka","authors":"R. Bandara, Jawatta road Colombo Sri Lanka, P. Jayasingha","doi":"10.22606/GR.2018.33001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/GR.2018.33001","url":null,"abstract":"A significant impact on the economy and the social context of Sri Lanka has been caused by hydro-meteorologically induced landslides. Though many organizations are working on landslide studies, National Building Research Organization (NBRO) is the key organization that involves in landslide research and risk reduction programs in Sri Lanka. This paper discusses about the present strategies set to reduce the landslide risk and the present achievements. Landslide risk reduction process has been strategized in number of ways which follow basic guidelines of disaster management. The strategic plan developed by NBRO includes following main components/activities; such as identification, awareness, early warning, mitigation and low enforcement. Implementation of those strategies have resulted Landslide Hazard Zonation Maps through Landslide Hazard Zonation Mapping Program, establishment of real time early warning system, declaring landslide prone areas and introducing land clearance process and successful completion of landslide mitigation projects with improvement of technological knowledge. Keywards: Landslides and land subsidence in Sri Lanka, central highland, NBRO, landslide risk reduction strategies, present achievements","PeriodicalId":269518,"journal":{"name":"Geosciences Research","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121387601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}