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The Scholar and the Struggle最新文献

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The Nonviolent Crusade from Montgomery to Madras 从蒙哥马利到马德拉斯的非暴力运动
The Scholar and the Struggle Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0006
David A. Varel
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引用次数: 0
Coming of Age at Fisk University 菲斯克大学的成人课程
The Scholar and the Struggle Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0002
David A. Varel
{"title":"Coming of Age at Fisk University","authors":"David A. Varel","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter chronicles Reddick’s early life from his adolescence in Jacksonville, Florida to his collegiate career in Nashville, Tennessee. It explains how Fisk University, where he earned a BA in 1932 and an MA in 1933 while studying under Charles S. Johnson, E. Franklin Frazier, Lorenzo Dow Turner, Horace Mann Bond, and Arturo Schomburg, provided Reddick with the social network and intellectual training that guided his early entry into professional academic life. At Fisk, he became active in Carter G. Woodson’s Association for the Study of Negro Life and History; published in the Journal of Negro Education, The Crisis, and Opportunity; criticized the Southern Agrarians, and studied the racism in history textbooks. This chapter also explains how the Great Depression loomed large in Reddick’s formative years and pushed his politics to the left.","PeriodicalId":268477,"journal":{"name":"The Scholar and the Struggle","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123769209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Librarianship for Democracy at Home and Abroad 国内外图书馆事业的民主
The Scholar and the Struggle Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0004
David A. Varel
{"title":"Librarianship for Democracy at Home and Abroad","authors":"David A. Varel","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter charts Reddick’s rise as a major African American intellectual during the World War II era. As the curator of the Schomburg Collection in Harlem, Reddick helped organize Pan-African Congresses alongside W. E. B. Du Bois and Kwame Nkrumah, became a force in the Double Victory campaign against fascism at home and abroad, collected black soldiers’ letters during the war, used the library as a base for political organizing in response to crises such as the 1943 Harlem Race Riot and those surrounding the Atlantic Charter, published pioneering articles on Africa and the US military’s evolving policies toward black soldiers, pressured the US government to recognize the military heroics of black messman Dorie Miller, and generally served as a public intellectual for black America. He also worked with Eleanor Roosevelt to effect racial change and served as a member of the American Council of Learned Societies’ Committee on Negro Studies alongside Melville Herskovits and Lorenzo Dow Turner.","PeriodicalId":268477,"journal":{"name":"The Scholar and the Struggle","volume":"246 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134040470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Black History Movement during the Depression 大萧条时期的黑人历史运动
The Scholar and the Struggle Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0003
David A. Varel
{"title":"The Black History Movement during the Depression","authors":"David A. Varel","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores Reddick’s pioneering work in the fledgling field of black history. During the 1930s, Reddick worked as a professor of history at Kentucky State College and Dillard University, and he took a leading role in the black fraternity Phi Beta Sigma. He also completed his PhD in history from the University of Chicago, where he studied under the Lost Cause scholar Avery O. Craven. While tracking Reddick’s activities across these institutions, special focus is on Reddick’s contributions to Carter Woodson’s Association for the Study of Negro Life and History. Reddick gathered the testimonies of former slaves and influenced the larger effort by the Works Progress Administration, published a landmark historiographical article in the Journal of Negro History, completed an innovative dissertation on the role of white newspapers in New Orleans in sowing divisions and helping provoke the Civil War, and documented racial discrimination at libraries, archives, journals, and conferences.","PeriodicalId":268477,"journal":{"name":"The Scholar and the Struggle","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124754786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Search for Black Power in the Sixties 《六十年代黑人权力的追寻
The Scholar and the Struggle Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0007
David A. Varel
{"title":"The Search for Black Power in the Sixties","authors":"David A. Varel","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter opens with Reddick’s 1960 trips to Ghana and Nigeria to celebrate their independence alongside his friends Kwame Nkrumah, Nnamdi Azikiwe, and St. Clair Drake. The chapter’s focus, however, is Reddick’s role in the evolving civil rights movement of the 1960s. His ongoing mentorship of Martin Luther King Jr., along with his continued strategic planning and public-relations work for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, helped that vanguard organization successfully navigate its most tumultuous decade and force passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The chapter also challenges the simple dichotomy between civil rights and Black Power by using Reddick’s diverse activities—including his leadership of Leon Sullivan’s Opportunities Industrialization Center Institute—to explain the many roots and routes of Black Power as it evolved organically out of the southern struggle and parallel ones in the North. Reddick also continued to confront racism in an array of institutions including publishing, where he sought change by coauthoring a young adult’s history of African Americans’ role in the Civil War and Reconstruction entitled Worth Fighting For (1965).","PeriodicalId":268477,"journal":{"name":"The Scholar and the Struggle","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127130388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cold War Civil Rights in Atlanta 亚特兰大冷战时期的民权运动
The Scholar and the Struggle Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0005
David A. Varel
{"title":"Cold War Civil Rights in Atlanta","authors":"David A. Varel","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explains how the Cold War, and especially the Red Scare, shaped Reddick’s actions while serving as the chief librarian of Atlanta University from 1948 to 1955, where he worked with Clarence Bacote, Hylan G. Lewis, and Benjamin Mays. Reddick’s refusal to condone America’s militarist foreign policy and its persecution of leftists at home contributed to his becoming the subject of a Federal Bureau of Investigation probe as well as a target of white Southern politicians, such as Herman Talmadge, who were committed to halting the burgeoning civil rights movement. Reddick nevertheless continued to his cultivate Pan-African ties, particularly by coordinating a monthlong visit by Nigeria’s Nnamdi Azikiwe and by co-authoring with W. Sherman Savage a history of his fraternity, Phi Beta Sigma. Reddick also promoted desegregation as a two-way street while helping prepare for a post-Brown v. Board of Education world. He likewise participated in local politics and the protracted struggles of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History in the wake of Carter G. Woodson’s death. Finally, he left in Atlanta in 1955 after being fired by Atlanta University president Rufus Clement.","PeriodicalId":268477,"journal":{"name":"The Scholar and the Struggle","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121396146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ebony Scholar in the Ivory Tower 象牙塔里的乌木学者
The Scholar and the Struggle Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0008
David A. Varel
{"title":"Ebony Scholar in the Ivory Tower","authors":"David A. Varel","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyzes Reddick’s intellectual activism during the 1970s while a professor at Temple University and Harvard University, which came after the black campus movement had begun to remake American higher education. He clashed repeatedly with white administrators and faculty members at Temple while helping to build a Black Studies program there. Off campus, he took a leadership role in the Black Academy of Arts and Letters, the Philadelphia Bicentennial Corporation, the Kinte Library Project with Alex Haley, and in the crusade against white control of black history in the historical profession. Alongside Vincent Harding and others, he launched a scathing indictment of Time on the Cross (1974) and institutional racism within academia. With support from the Moton Center, he also pursued research on institutional racism on college campuses and the impact of desegregation on black colleges. Reddick demonstrates how black intellectuals began disrupting institutional racism within higher education, public history, philanthropy, and publishing, even as they encountered a growing climate of conservatism and white backlash symbolized by the US Supreme Court’s ruling in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978).","PeriodicalId":268477,"journal":{"name":"The Scholar and the Struggle","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125084722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conclusion 结论
The Scholar and the Struggle Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0009
David A. Varel
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"David A. Varel","doi":"10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660967.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the close of Reddick’s career, particularly as he served as a Distinguished Visiting Professor of History at Dillard University from 1978 to 1987. Although he commiserated with his good friend St. Clair Drake about the new conservative era and its hostility to further civil rights gains, he nevertheless remained active, including his participation in a landmark conference that grow into the important book The State of Afro-American History (1985), which included work by the next generation of pioneering black scholars like Darlene Clark Hine, Thomas C. Holt, James D. Anderson, and Robert L. Harris, Jr., even as it also included Reddick’s contemporaries such as his fellow Fisk student John Hope Franklin. The chapter closes by recounting Reddick’s death, explaining why he is not better known, and underlining the ongoing importance of his model of scholar-activist and its palpable importance today.","PeriodicalId":268477,"journal":{"name":"The Scholar and the Struggle","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115453756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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