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Invariance Applied 不变性的应用
Causation with a Human Face Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197585412.003.0007
J. Woodward
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引用次数: 0
Some Empirical Results Concerning Causal Learning and Representation 关于因果学习和表征的一些实证结果
Causation with a Human Face Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197585412.003.0005
J. Woodward
{"title":"Some Empirical Results Concerning Causal Learning and Representation","authors":"J. Woodward","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197585412.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197585412.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores some empirical results bearing on the descriptive and normative adequacy of different accounts of causal learning and representation. It begins by contrasting associative accounts with accounts that attribute additional structure to causal representation, arguing in favor of the latter. Empirical results supporting the claim that adult humans often reason about causal relationships using interventionist counterfactuals are presented. Contrasts between human and nonhuman primate causal cognition are also discussed, as well as some experiments concerning causal cognition in young children. A proposal about what is involved in having adult human causal representations is presented and some issues about how these might develop over time are explored.","PeriodicalId":265341,"journal":{"name":"Causation with a Human Face","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124544146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Invariance 不变性
Causation with a Human Face Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197585412.003.0006
James Woodward
{"title":"Invariance","authors":"James Woodward","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197585412.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197585412.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the notion of invariance, which is of central normative importance in causal reasoning and is also central to its descriptive characterization, as shown in subsequent chapters. The invariance of a causal relationship has to do with the extent that it continues to be operative across various sorts of changes—in background conditions, changes in the distribution of initial conditions, and different micro-realizations of a cause, to describe just a few of the possibilities that are considered. Invariance is distinguished from exceptionlessness and needs to be understood against the background of our epistemic and calculational limitations.","PeriodicalId":265341,"journal":{"name":"Causation with a Human Face","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121972543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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