{"title":"Pectin - Extraction, Purification, Characterization and Applications","authors":"V. R. Robledo, L. C. Vázquez","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.85588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85588","url":null,"abstract":"Fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based foods are particularly important as they are source of dietary carbohydrates, and therefore much of the energy in the adult diet. Plant food also contains a wide range of dietary components rich in bioactive phytochemicals and is essential to the human body that may provide desirable health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Pectin is one of the nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs), which constitutes the major fraction of the plant cell wall in association and/or substituted with other polysaccharides, and they cover a great variety of biological functions and chemical structures. Generally, pectin is isolated from by-products of agro-foods using extraction technologies with the emergence of novel and effective techniques that inclined toward a cleaner process. Pectin is widely used both in food sector (as gelling, thickening, and stabilizer agent) and in pharmaceutical industries (bioactive components) including biomedical application (drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound healing) as innovative applications.","PeriodicalId":265111,"journal":{"name":"Pectins - Extraction, Purification, Characterization and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133132365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Ruano, L. L. Delgado, S. Picco, L. Villegas, F. Tonelli, Mario Eduardo Aguilera Merlo, J. Rigau, D. Díaz, M. Masuelli
{"title":"Extraction and Characterization of Pectins From Peels of Criolla Oranges (Citrus sinensis): Experimental Reviews","authors":"P. Ruano, L. L. Delgado, S. Picco, L. Villegas, F. Tonelli, Mario Eduardo Aguilera Merlo, J. Rigau, D. Díaz, M. Masuelli","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.88944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88944","url":null,"abstract":"The citriculture in the international field is important not only for its nutrient and vitamin characteristics but also for its valuable source of raw materials to obtain pectin, since it was found in the internal and external parts of the citrus peel. In our country, there are several varieties of orange, from which you can obtain by-products other than juice, such as essential oils, fertilizers, concentrates, and pectin. Pectin has different uses in the pharmaceutical industry for the preparation of suspensions, emulsions, cosmetics, capsules, etc. In the food industry, it is used as a film in packaging, thickener, and gelling agent in the manufacture of jellies and preserves, in wines as dehydrating plant tissues, in milk to precipitate casein, etc. The pectin extraction was carried out by basic or acid hydrolysis and then proceeds to purify and clarify. Once purified, the pectin was characterized in aqueous solution to determine its physicochemical properties such as molecular weight, hydrodynamic radius, hydration value, shape factor, etc. Thermal and mechanical characterizations were also performed, to assess its ability to form films.","PeriodicalId":265111,"journal":{"name":"Pectins - Extraction, Purification, Characterization and Applications","volume":"54 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129978220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Properties of Wine Polysaccharides","authors":"L. Martínez-Lapuente, Z. Guadalupe, B. Ayestarán","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85629","url":null,"abstract":"Polysaccharides are the main macromolecules of colloidal nature in wines, and play a fundamental role in the technological properties and organoleptic characteristics of the wines. The role of the different wine polysaccharides will depend on their quantity but also on their chemical composition, molecular structure and origin. Wine polysaccharides originate from grapes and yeast acting during the winemaking. The main polysaccharides present in wines can be grouped into three major families: (i) polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose (PRAG), (ii) polysaccharides rich in rhamnogalacturonans (RG-I and RG-II), which both come from the pectocellulosic cell walls of grape berries, and (iii) mannoproteins (MP) released by yeasts. This paper describes the origin, structure and role of the different wine polysaccharide families through a bibliographic revision of their origin and extraction into the wines, as well as their technological and sensory properties.","PeriodicalId":265111,"journal":{"name":"Pectins - Extraction, Purification, Characterization and Applications","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122525256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Venkatanagaraju, N. Bharathi, Rachiraju Hema Sindhuja, R. R. Chowdhury, Yarram Sreelekha
{"title":"Extraction and Purification of Pectin from Agro-Industrial Wastes","authors":"E. Venkatanagaraju, N. Bharathi, Rachiraju Hema Sindhuja, R. R. Chowdhury, Yarram Sreelekha","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85585","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of science and technology, agro-industrial wastes are converted into various value-added products to meet the demands of increasing population. In recent years, natural polymers have evoked tremendous interest due to easy conversion into value-added products. Apart from various natural polymers, pectin occupied a prominent place due to diverse pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications. Excess utilisation of pectin, the gap between production and demand is widening. To fulfil this gap various techniques are adopted for obtaining high yield pectin from various agro-industrial wastes. This chapter will be focusing on extraction and purification of pectin from various agro-industrial wastes, considered as main environmental pollutants.","PeriodicalId":265111,"journal":{"name":"Pectins - Extraction, Purification, Characterization and Applications","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132073226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flavonoids and Pectins","authors":"Zhiping Zhang, Yanzhi He, Xinyue Zhang","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84960","url":null,"abstract":"Pectins and flavonoids are two related groups of important secondary metabolites derived from plants. The interaction between pectins and flavonoids can affect their shelf-life stability, functionality, bioavailability, and bioaccessibility. In this chapter, we will concentrate on the current opinions on the flavonoids to understand how to classify this group of secondary metabolites, what biological and pharmacological activities they possess, and how to biosynthesize them in plants. We will then discuss the general strategies for the derivation of these small secondary compounds. The strategies comprise traditional plant extraction, chemical synthesis, and biosynthesis. We will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these three production strategies in the derivation of flavonoids and the future research directions in generating health-beneficial flavonoids using the biosynthetic strategy.","PeriodicalId":265111,"journal":{"name":"Pectins - Extraction, Purification, Characterization and Applications","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127544110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of Pectin in Food Processing and Food Packaging","authors":"T. Vanitha, Mahejibin Khan","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83677","url":null,"abstract":"Pectin is a branched heteropolysaccharide consisting of long-chain galacturonan segments and other neutral sugars such as rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, and xylose. It forms a matrix with celluloses and hemicelluloses and contributes to the cell structure. Due to the presence of several sugar moieties and different levels of methyl esterification, pectin does not have defined molecular weight like other polysaccharides. Pectin has wide applications. It is used as emulsifier, gelling agent, thickener, stabilizer, and fat or sugar replacer in low-calorie foods. Pectin and pectin-derived oligosaccharides can also be used as an important ingredient in functional foods. In recent past, a new application envisaged for pectin polymers as edible films or coating. These films act as natural barrier for exchange of moisture, gases, lipids, and volatiles between food and environment, and protect fruits and vegetable from microbial contamination. The degree of esterification of pectin and other structural modifications defines the functional properties. Herein, various functional properties of pectin in relation to food processing and packaging are discussed.","PeriodicalId":265111,"journal":{"name":"Pectins - Extraction, Purification, Characterization and Applications","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129364621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pectins as Emulsifying Agent on the Preparation, Characterization, and Photocatalysis of Nano-LaCrO3","authors":"R. Situmeang","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83625","url":null,"abstract":"The use of environmentally friendly chemicals as the emulsifying agent in the preparation of the advanced materials is a focus and is very interesting to do. Although the focus is important, the advanced material that is made remains a top priority regarding characterization and its activity. One of the chemicals for making advanced and environmentally friendly materials such as LaCrO 3 perovskite is pectin functioning as the emulsifying agent. In general, perovskite compounds are materials with very wide applications such as fuel cells, electronic equipment, sensors, magnetic materials, photoluminescent materials, thermic catalysts, and photocatalysts. Furthermore, the use of various solvents to produce perovskite compounds with the aim of getting good applications has been done a lot such as water, alcohols, or other organic solvents, respectively, in mixing precursors directly, precipitation and coprecipitation, microwave, auto-combustion, sol-gel, and hydrothermal methods. In this chapter, preparation of LaCrO 3 using pectin as an emulsifying agent will be discussed in advance together with characterization and application of LaCrO 3 in the photocatalytic reaction of dyes and cellulose conversion.","PeriodicalId":265111,"journal":{"name":"Pectins - Extraction, Purification, Characterization and Applications","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132788294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}