Developmental Biology and Larval Ecology最新文献

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Organogenesis 器官发生

Developmental Biology and Larval Ecology Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190648954.003.0003

Günther Loose, G. Vogt, M. Charmantier‐Daures, G. Charmantier, S. Harzsch

{"title":"Organogenesis","authors":"Günther Loose, G. Vogt, M. Charmantier‐Daures, G. Charmantier, S. Harzsch","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190648954.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190648954.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the development of the major organ systems in crustaceans, including musculature, nervous system, circulatory system, digestive system, osmoregulatory system, excretory system, reproductive system, and sensory organs. It describes the morphological unfolding of these organ systems, which generally follows cleavage, gastrulation, and segmentation in the course of ontogeny. Particular emphasis is given to the organ-specific temporal dynamics of development, the onset of functionality, and possible correlations with developmental mode, life history, and ecology. The anatomy and cellular characteristics of developing organs are generally better investigated than aspects of physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. Investigations in different crustaceans revealed that the speed of development of the various organ systems varies considerably within an individual and between species. As a rule of thumb, anlagen of the nervous tissue, muscular tissue, digestive system, and excretory organs appear first, followed by the circulatory system. Osmoregulatory organs are formed later. The reproductive organs are the last to emerge and to become functional. The mode of development, behavior, and ecology of the postembryonic stages seem to be major determinants that influence the speed differences of organogenesis. This is reflected by timing differences in development of the digestive system between directly and indirectly developing representatives or species with or without lecithotrophic larvae. Other features of the dynamics of organogenesis suggest evolutionary constraints, such as the delayed development of the nervous system in postnaupliar, relative to naupliar, segments in some species. Mechanistic constraints may be involved in heart development and development of nontransitory osmoregulatory organs.","PeriodicalId":264834,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Biology and Larval Ecology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116168346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dispersal 传播

Developmental Biology and Larval Ecology Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190648954.003.0014

S. Morgan

{"title":"Dispersal","authors":"S. Morgan","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190648954.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190648954.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Dispersal of benthic crustaceans primarily occurs by larvae, which can be transported far from parents. However, larval dispersal is reduced by depth regulation in a sheared water column, where surface and bottom currents flow at different rates or directions, and navigation by postlarvae recruiting to adult habitats. Larvae undertake migrations between adult and larval habitats that range from retention near adult habitats to cross-shelf migrations. The extent of these migrations is regulated by depth preferences and vertical migrations that are timed exogenously or endogenously by diel and tidal cycles over planktonic development. Depth regulation is cued primarily by gravity, hydrostatic pressure, and light, and secondarily by temperature, salinity, and turbulence. Settlement stages navigate to suitable settlement sites using hierarchies of acoustic, chemical, visual, and celestial cues that are effective at different distances. The extent of larval migrations between adult and larval habitats as well as diel vertical migrations may be set by the vulnerability of larvae to abundant planktivorous fish in estuaries and nearshore waters. The timing of larval release and vertical swimming by larvae changes across tidal regimes to conserve migrations between adult and larval habitats across species ranges while minimizing predation.","PeriodicalId":264834,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Biology and Larval Ecology","volume":"32 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116651090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hatching 孵化

Developmental Biology and Larval Ecology Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/9783110857177-011

M. Fritsch, J. Olesen, S. Møller, Günther Loose

{"title":"Hatching","authors":"M. Fritsch, J. Olesen, S. Møller, Günther Loose","doi":"10.1515/9783110857177-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110857177-011","url":null,"abstract":"Hatching in crustaceans is an active mechanism in which free, mobile individuals are released from the egg envelopes. For the majority of species, this marks the transition from the embryonic phase of the life cycle, which is spatially constrained by the egg, and the free-living phase. The hatching process of crustaceans has so far not been subject to a detailed comparative treatment across taxa and thus we know little of the diversity of mechanisms, timing in relation to other developmental processes, or evolutionary history. Here we attempt to provide an overview of this diversity throughout the Crustacea. To this end, we treat a particular set of subjects that we consider relevant to the hatching process: the morphology of the involved structures (egg membranes, specialized hatching structures of the hatchling, morphology of the hatchling itself), mechanics of hatchling release, biochemical processes involved in egg shell degradation, maternal and embryonic control and initiation of hatching, as well as the temporal pattern of hatching-related events. A common feature of the hatching mechanism in the majority of crustacean species is an osmotic swelling of the embryo caused by active water uptake prior to hatching, which builds up pressure against the inside of the envelopes. The remaining features vary according to developmental mode and ecological parameters, but the causality behind many hatching-related features remains unclear. However, we conclude that the particular life history strategy can have a strong impact on the relative timing of hatching events.","PeriodicalId":264834,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Biology and Larval Ecology","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129418637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0