{"title":"Links Between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty","authors":"Valerie Cerra, Ruy Lama, Norman Loayza","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192846938.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846938.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Is there a tradeoff between raising growth and reducing inequality and poverty? This chapter reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the complex links between growth, inequality, and poverty, with causation going in both directions. The evidence suggests that growth can be effective in reducing poverty, but its impact on inequality is ambiguous and depends on the underlying sources of growth. The impact of poverty and inequality on growth is likewise ambiguous, as several channels mediate the relationship. But most plausible mechanisms suggest that poverty and inequality reduce growth, at least in the long run. Policies play a role in shaping these relationships and those designed to improve equality of opportunity can simultaneously improve inclusiveness and growth.","PeriodicalId":262235,"journal":{"name":"How to Achieve Inclusive Growth","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115300349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Filmer, R. Gatti, Halsey Rogers, Nikola Spatafora, Drilona Emrullahu
{"title":"Education and Health","authors":"D. Filmer, R. Gatti, Halsey Rogers, Nikola Spatafora, Drilona Emrullahu","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192846938.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846938.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter discusses existing shortfalls and inequalities in the accumulation of human capital—knowledge, skills, and health. It analyzes their immediate and systemic causes and assess the scope for public intervention. The broad policy goals should be to improve: the quality, and not just the quantity, of education and health care; outcomes for disadvantaged groups; and lifelong outcomes. The means to achieve these goals, while maximizing value for money, include focusing on results rather than just inputs; moving from piecemeal interventions to systemic reform; and adopting a “whole-of-society” approach. Reforms must be underpinned by a robust evidence base.","PeriodicalId":262235,"journal":{"name":"How to Achieve Inclusive Growth","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122227519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sharing Resource Wealth and Addressing Fragility","authors":"Nathalie Pouokam","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192846938.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846938.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the main challenges faced by resource-rich nations in promoting equity; describes policy tools available for managing exhaustible natural resources; and analyzes the relationship between resource wealth and state fragility. The chapter argues that human capital accumulation, innovation, and technology diffusion can help escape the trap of low growth and resource dependence that plagues so many developing countries. But to make this possible, resource-rich nations must sustain strong citizen participation in the policy making to hold governments accountable and ensure the inclusive management of resource wealth.","PeriodicalId":262235,"journal":{"name":"How to Achieve Inclusive Growth","volume":"46 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120900986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tax Policy","authors":"Khaled Abdel-Khader, Ruud de Mooij","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192846938.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846938.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the theory and practice of tax design to achieve an efficient and equitable outcome in support of inclusive growth. It starts with a discussion of the key principles from tax theory to guide practical tax design. Then, it elaborates on the practice of tax policy making, thereby discussing key choices in the structure of the personal income tax on labor, capital income, wealth, the corporate income tax, and consumption taxes. The chapter concludes by highlighting the political economy considerations of the issues with concrete recommendations as to how to implement tax reform.","PeriodicalId":262235,"journal":{"name":"How to Achieve Inclusive Growth","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133883467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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