Day 2 Wed, May 05, 2021最新文献

{"title":"Novel Learnings of Proppant Transport Behavior in Unconventional Hydraulic Fractures","authors":"Amit Singh, Xinghui Liu, Jiehao Wang, Peggy Rijken","doi":"10.2118/204135-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/204135-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Effective and economic proppant placement has been one of the key objectives of hydraulic fracturing. Different proppant & fracture fluid characteristics, and placement methodologies have been historically applied based on learnings from standard proppant transport studies with parallel plate slots. The standard test setup represents a simplified planar fracture with constant width and confined height, incorporating only basic flow characteristics, and thus, is incapable of capturing unique phenomena of proppant transport in unconventional reservoirs.\u0000 In this study, proppant transport laboratory tests were conducted on a large-scale (10 ft × 20 ft) tortuous slot flow system. This novel setup incorporates many significant unconventional fracture features, including lateral and vertical tortuosity, variable width, leak-off, fluid dynamics replicating upward fracture growth, etc. Proppant transport behavior was investigated for multiple parameters such as proppant size, density and concentration; fracture fluid type and viscosity; pumping sequence; pump rate; and fracture properties (width, leak-off location and rate, fracture tortuosity profile, flow directions). The detailed parametric and integrated study of test results includes analysis of proppant dune evolution, dune shape, particle size distribution across dune, propped area, fluid, and proppant collected from leak-off and exit ports.\u0000 Multiple unique phenomena occurring at tortuous interfaces were observed, including the generation of isolated pockets of proppant pack, restriction of upward movement due to proppant bridging, and creation of discontinuous and sparsely distributed proppant pillars above the dune. The test results demonstrated a larger proppant dune angle in front of the dune peak during injection and a subsequent fall-off of proppant pack with a higher percentage of smaller mesh proppant back filling the area at and near the inlet (analogous to the wellbore). Self-segregation of proppant in slickwater as per mesh size resulted in higher percentage of smaller mesh proppant settled near the injection point, and a higher percentage of larger mesh proppant placed farther in the system. These observations and novel learnings highlight that it is critical to account for tortuous fracture pathway, leakoff effects and flow directions (both lateral and upward) to better understand proppant transport behaviors in unconventional fractures. A partially proppant-filled fracture area is recognized in unconventional fracture in addition to general classification of propped and unpropped fracture area. Utilizing proppant with large mesh size distribution range or pumping smaller mesh proppant first in slickwater helps achieve dual benefits of higher near wellbore conductivity and improved far-field transport.\u0000 This study demonstrates and physically verifies unique proppant transport behaviors in unconventional hydraulic fractures. It also provides novel learnings that will help the indust","PeriodicalId":260849,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, May 05, 2021","volume":"130 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130164513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Applications of Viscosifying Friction Reducers for Hydraulic Fracturing Operations in the Vaca Muerta Formation, Argentina","authors":"R. Sentinelli, Leandro X. Moreno, M. Pellicer, M. Domelen","doi":"10.2118/200020-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/200020-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Early hydraulic fracturing completions in the Vaca Muerta Formation in central Argentina have incorporated the use of conventional fluid systems, such as linear and crosslinked guar-based polymers. Within the past few years, however, the benefits of viscosifying friction reducers (VFR) have been demonstrated in the industry, predominantly within the United States. The objective of this project was to trial the VFR fluid technology in fracturing operations in this area for potential use for full field development.\u0000 After studying the potential advantages of the VFR technology including cost savings, simplified operations and enhanced well production, a project was initiated to determine if those same benefits could be obtained. To accomplish this, studies were performed to ensure economic and technical justification through a stepwise process of laboratory testing, logistical and operational considerations, a single well field trial, and a five well development phase evaluation project. The pilot project was performed on a horizontal, 27 stage lateral in the Aguada Pichana Oeste field in the Neuquen Basin of Argentina. The five well development phase evaluation project was performed in the Lindero Atravesado field.\u0000 Positive laboratory test results led to a field trial using this technology, during which several benefits of the VFR fluid system began to emerge. Operational efficiency was an early success, including a reduction in the quantity of chemicals on location, more simplified pumping schedules, and low pumping pressures. Secondly, significant cost savings were realized compared to previous fluid system packages. Finally, positive production results were observed, leading to the decision to incorporate this technology into full field development operations. This paper will review the results of the stepwise evaluation process along with a focus on the economic benefits and well production from the development phase evaluation project.\u0000 This paper describes the transition by Pan American Energy (PAE) from conventional fracturing fluids to viscosifying friction reducer (VFR) technology in the Vaca Muerta Formation. The paper highlights the performance of a relatively new treatment fluid which delivered positive results in a strategic international asset. The project has led to full field development using this technology. The same efficiencies provided by this system can potentially be realized through applications in other basins.","PeriodicalId":260849,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, May 05, 2021","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124779039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}