DNA DemystifiedPub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190092962.003.0003
A. McHughen
{"title":"Foundations","authors":"A. McHughen","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190092962.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190092962.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 2 reviews the historical foundations of DNA research and introduces the Human Genome Project, now a quarter century old. Why it was (and continues to be) so important to the genetic understanding of the origins, nature, and future of human beings is explored in this chapter. In addition to helping to address scientific and philosophical questions, the project and its diverse spinoff technologies have revolutionized many practical components of modern life. They have affected the development of personalized medicine, influenced criminal forensics, and brought the near-total elimination of paternity disputes. Also covered is the historical background of human inquiry into genetics, which provides the knowledge base underpinning the HGP.","PeriodicalId":260317,"journal":{"name":"DNA Demystified","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129915674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DNA DemystifiedPub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190092962.003.0002
Alan McHughen
{"title":"DNA 101","authors":"Alan McHughen","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190092962.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190092962.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter covers the basics of DNA in simple, but not simplistic, language, explaining the nuts and bolts—physically, chemically, and biologically—with a focus on how DNA works to store genetic information and pass it on to future generations. Much here is a review of high school biology, looking at cells, chromosomes, genes, DNA, RNA, and proteins. Also covered are the processes of mitosis and meiosis; chimeras, mosaics, and hybrids; and enzymes. We delve a bit deeper into DNA, revealing how it changes though mutations, explaining its connection to selection and evolution, and introducing gene and genome editing and new techniques.","PeriodicalId":260317,"journal":{"name":"DNA Demystified","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131828338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DNA DemystifiedPub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190092962.003.0010
A. McHughen
{"title":"Genetic Genealogy","authors":"A. McHughen","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190092962.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190092962.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"We discussed genealogy DNA tests in Chapter 8. Here we focus on some practical matters to aid your engagement with genetic genealogy. We’ll survey which company you might choose for conducting your DNA test(s), explain how to interpret your results, and answer some common questions posed by genetic genealogy beginners (and even by some more advanced practitioners, too). Before seeking a company, identify what you hope to achieve. Different companies offer different types of tests, which reveal different genetic features and answer different questions, so knowing what you want to get from a DNA test will then allow you to choose from a list of companies offering that feature. Once you have a short list of suitable companies, you can choose based on practical criteria—price, convenience, appeal of website and presentation of data, privacy policy, and other factors. When you receive the results, you may want some help in interpreting the data and in identifying “matches,” your close and distant DNA relatives. We’ll also discuss a recommended free site, Gedmatch, and offer help for adoptees and others lacking known biological connections. In the latter half of the chapter we’ll explain some of the arcane terminology and address some common misconceptions encountered in the genetic genealogy community.","PeriodicalId":260317,"journal":{"name":"DNA Demystified","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117180769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}