{"title":"Prefabricated Steel-Reinforced Concrete Composite Column","authors":"H. Hwang","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77166","url":null,"abstract":"In conventional concrete-encased steel composite columns, a steel section is placed at the center of the cross section. Thus, the contribution of the steel section to the overall flexural capacity of the column could be limited. For better efficiency and economy, particularly under biaxial moment, the steel section needs to be placed at the corners, rather than at the center of the cross section. Recently, a prefabricated steel-reinforced concrete column has been developed to utilize the advantages of the reinforced concrete column and the steel-concrete composite column. In the composite column, four steel angles are placed at the corners of the cross section, and transverse bars and plates are used to connect the angles by welding or bolting. The composite column has been widely applied to industrial buildings that require large sized columns and fast construction. In this chapter, the newly developed composite column is introduced, and basic mechanism, structural perfor- mance, and field application case are discussed.","PeriodicalId":258468,"journal":{"name":"New Trends in Structural Engineering","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125645192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vertical Natural Vibration Modes of Ballasted Railway Track","authors":"A. Aikawa","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79738","url":null,"abstract":"Impact loads from running trains induce natural vibration within the ballast layer, which causes ballast deterioration over time. This study measured the natural vibration characteristics of the ballast layer using field measurements, full-scale impact loading experi - ments and large-scale finite element analysis. Experimental test results indicate that the vibration components in the high-frequency range are dominant in ballast responses under loading and that ballast motions during unloading are mainly induced by vibration components in the low-frequency range, causing large displacement over a long dura- tion. Numerical results indicate that the normal frequency of the vertical elastic vibration mode is detected at approximately 310 Hz and that the rigid-body bounce mode of the ballast layer occurs at one-third of the elastic vibration mode frequency. They coincide substantially with values held by field measurements. Stress acting on the angular part of the ballast is more than 1000 times greater than the average loading stress under the sleeper bottom. The combined structure, which consists of the ballast layer and sleep - ers, vibrates easily in synchrony with resonance motions induced by the impulse waves. Improvement of the contact condition on the sleeper bottom is expected to decrease the displacement amplitude of ballast gravel, thereby reducing ballast degradation.","PeriodicalId":258468,"journal":{"name":"New Trends in Structural Engineering","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123305237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finite Element Modeling of Masonry Infill Walls Equipped with Structural Fuse","authors":"A. Memari, Mohammad Aliaari","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77307","url":null,"abstract":"Masonry infill walls in multi-story buildings are intended to function as envelope and partition walls, and without sufficient gaps between the infill and the frame, the infill tends to contribute to lateral seismic load resistance, which can lead to damage. By iso- lating the infill walls from the frame, vulnerability to damage will be reduced; however, the potential benefit from the strength and stiffness of the infill walls will be lost too. The compromise solution seems to be a controlled engagement of the masonry infill walls by employing a structural fuse concept. In this chapter, initially, a review of the literature on seismic performance of masonry infill walls is presented. This is then followed by explanation of the concept of the masonry infill structural fuse. Then a discussion on experimental tests carried out on different types of fuse elements as well as ¼ scale specimen of frame and infill walls with fuse elements is presented. Finally, the results of finite element computer modeling studies are discussed. The study has found that the concept of using structural fuse elements as sacrificial components in masonry construction is practical and can be given consideration for more refined design and detailing toward practical application.","PeriodicalId":258468,"journal":{"name":"New Trends in Structural Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128427298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Doran, H. O. Köksal, S. Aktan, O. Jafarov, C. Karakoç
{"title":"Constitutive Modeling of Masonry Walls Strengthened with Fiber Reinforced Polymers","authors":"B. Doran, H. O. Köksal, S. Aktan, O. Jafarov, C. Karakoç","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77201","url":null,"abstract":"This study primarily focuses on the constitutive modeling of masonry walls strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP). In general, providing suitable relations for the material characterization of the masonry constituents so that the nonlinear finite element (NLFEA) applications of the elasto-plastic theory achieves a close fit to the experimental load-displacement diagrams of the walls subjected to in-plane loadings is desired. In this chapter, two relations proposed for masonry columns confined with FRP are adjusted for the cohesion and the internal friction angle of both units and mortar. Relating the mechanical parameters to the uniaxial compression strength and the hydrostatic pressure acting over the wall surface, the effects of major and intermediate principal stresses σ 1 and σ 2 on the yielding and the shape of the deviatoric section are then reflected into the analyses. Finally, NLFEA results for the walls tested in different studies showed a good match with the experimental ones.","PeriodicalId":258468,"journal":{"name":"New Trends in Structural Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122208575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanical Performance of Simple Supported Concrete Beam-Cable Composite Element with External Prestress","authors":"Teng Wang, Yan-mei Ding, Wangchun Zhang, Yu Song","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76517","url":null,"abstract":"A new reinforcement technology of external prestress based on stretch tilted belly poles has been presented. Taking simply supported beam, which is reinforced by three titled belly poles, as a research object to establish a model of reinforced simply supported beam. Relationship expressions about deflection and internal force increment of external cable or about load and deflection have been deduced. Finite element model is established by ABAQUS. The influence of structure performance of reinforced simply supported beam with cable section, cable sag and initial internal force value was investigated. Three tests are carried out to testify the results of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The results show that the redistributions of internal force and sectional stress have occurred, and the stiffness, crack load, ultimate load, and structure ductility are all improved with the increase of three design parameters. For example, the crack load, ultimate load, and structure ductility have increased, respectively, by 24%~40%, 15%~42%, and 14%~40%. High initial internal force, small section, and big cable sag should be avoided, because the probability of brittle failure of structure will increase. The analytical result shows that the reliability of internal increment expression of external cable and carrying capacity expression can be used in the engineering practice.","PeriodicalId":258468,"journal":{"name":"New Trends in Structural Engineering","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130002973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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