{"title":"How Costly is using Livestock as a Saving Device? A Note on Meat Prices during Food Shortages","authors":"W. Zant","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3581236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3581236","url":null,"abstract":"We measure if and to what extent livestock sales during food shortages affect the wealth value of livestock. For this purpose we exploit monthly market prices of meat and staple foods in Malawi, for up to 72 locations (towns, villages and markets), for the period from January 1991 to December 2009. The empirical evidence is consistent with increased livestock sales during food shortages, especially small livestock, and especially in the south. Results are robust for different ways to approximate food shortages and various other threats. During food shortages, real meat prices in local markets tend to decrease up to 40%, thereby reducing the wealth value of livestock at the very moment livestock is sold on the market to purchase staple foods. Similar to staple foods, poor agricultural households systematically tend to sell low and buy high. Savings instruments to bridge food shortage periods that do not lose value when liquidated, are needed. Currently popular index insurance, if properly designed to take account of this, or well-functioning safety nets will generate large welfare gains and enhance economic growth.","PeriodicalId":255093,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Food Shortages & Scarcity (Topic)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128575767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Much Do Infrastructural Investments Mitigate Impacts of Seasonal Shocks on Food Security?","authors":"Henry Kankwamba, Lukas Kornher","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3506560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3506560","url":null,"abstract":"Ending extreme hunger requires the interaction of both household and community level infrastructural investments. When communities and households are capital infrastructure constrained, the effects of extreme events such as droughts can fetter consumption growth and food security. This paper, assesses the impact of seasonal weather shocks on food security conditional on access to public physical infrastructure. The study uses fixed effects regression techniques on representative Malawian panel data collected between 2010 and 2016. The study uses three key indicators of food security namely food consumption expenditure shares, the Berry Index of dietary variety, and the Shannon Entropy Index. To measure idiosyncratic and covariate shocks, self-reported survey data and high-resolution station based standardized precipitation – evapotranspiration index were used. To measure infrastructure, survey data, triangulated with remote sensed night time lights, were used to construct an infrastructure index in a logistic regression framework. Results show that assuming minimal infrastructure a standard deviation deficit in the one to three-month interval drought reduces consumption by 26%. Assuming normal historical weather conditions, infrastructure improves economic access to food by 15%. Thus, conditional on infrastructure, the impacts of extreme weather events on food security are reduced by 54%.","PeriodicalId":255093,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Food Shortages & Scarcity (Topic)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131807165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Growing Kenya: Exploring Investment Opportunities in Kenya's Fertilizer Industry","authors":"A. Rahnema, P. Giordano, I. Otieno","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3102885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3102885","url":null,"abstract":"In Kenya a significant part of the population faces food insecurity. Since fertilizers are noted for having positive impacts on agricultural productivity and on alleviating hunger, their use should be encouraged. There are no manufacturing plants in the country, meaning Kenya relies heavily on fertilizer imports, which has a negative impact on prices and availability. However, there are opportunities for manufacturing in Kenya. This paper provides a general overview of the fertilizer market in Kenya, briefly outlining the outlook for it and discussing some of the challenges experienced. In particular, the paper analyzes fertilizer use trends in the Navaisha area, identifying the types of fertilizer used and the factors affecting fertilizer choices. Finally, the paper explores the business opportunities now available in the Kenyan fertilizer market.","PeriodicalId":255093,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Food Shortages & Scarcity (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130618597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kenya: Food Security Brief","authors":"Patricia A. Bunyasi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1992451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1992451","url":null,"abstract":"Food security in Kenya has been in decline due to social, economic and physical factors. In order to overcome food insecurity, policies in Kenya should address food availability, food access and food use. As such, the foundation for a comprehensive policy for food security should involve improvements in the agriculture and livestock sector; land and resources management; disaster and conflict management; health and nutrition; water and sanitation and attention to the overall management of policies.","PeriodicalId":255093,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Food Shortages & Scarcity (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131769845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Gilligan, J. Hoddinott, Neha Kumar, A. Taffesse
{"title":"Targeting Food Security Interventions When 'Everyone is Poor': The Case of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme","authors":"D. Gilligan, J. Hoddinott, Neha Kumar, A. Taffesse","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1656341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1656341","url":null,"abstract":"In Ethiopia, as in many other African countries, there is a pressing need to improve household food security. An emerging consensus suggests that this is most easily accomplished through two development strategies with two complementary dimensions: investments that facilitate income generation and asset accumulation (infrastructure development, improved technologies for agriculture, etc.), and interventions that protect the poorest from hunger, prevent asset depletion and provide a platform on which the growth interventions can take place. Given limited resources for the latter, there needs to be an allocation mechanism. But in a country like Ethiopia, where poverty is widespread and income distribution relatively equal, how does targeting work? (Woldehanna et al. 2008); literally, when “everyone is poor\".","PeriodicalId":255093,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Food Shortages & Scarcity (Topic)","volume":"90 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120923217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}