Day 1 Tue, November 27, 2018最新文献

{"title":"Three-Stage SAGD Liner Intervention to Remediate a Liner System Using Concentric Coiled Tubing Jet Pump Technology","authors":"S. Winkler, G. Luebke, C. Jensen, R. Cross, T. Bradshaw","doi":"10.2118/193346-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193346-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Excessive solids production and liner issues are familiar complications in maturing SAGD operations, potentially causing well integrity concerns. There are several factors that can occur, in isolation or in combination, to cause excessive solids production and/or liner failures in SAGD wells. Reservoir characteristics, well construction and known downhole conditions contribute to production results and potential liner degradation over time. The production strategy typically considers fluid mechanics, metallurgy, and thermal cycling to limit steam breakthrough, channeling, and/or low sub-cool events. Even with the best construction and production practices, the gradual accumulation of solids in a production well can limit optimal productivity. SAGD Operators may choose a downhole intervention to mitigate the potential of a future failure or require an intervention to prepare for liner remediation.\u0000 The paper begins by outlining common cleanout methods used in SAGD wells. Then, it discusses a SAGD downhole intervention in three stages: (1) a jetting venturi cleanout, (2) a gauge mill run, and (3) installation of a remedial liner system. The jetting venturi cleanout is comprised of concentric coiled tubing coupled with an engineered jet pump. It is designed to artificially lift wellbore materials, cleaning the SAGD wellbore while recording the volume of solids returned from a specific location. The gauge mill run confirms an acceptable diameter for smooth liner installation. These first two stages ensure seamless installation of the remedial liner system to mitigate detrimental mechanisms that limit production or impact well integrity.\u0000 Two case studies, in two heavy oil formations from two Operators, support the effectiveness of the SAGD liner intervention. The case summaries and results demonstrate the success of the SAGD liner intervention, corroborate its consistent and repeatable use and show its compatibility with remedial techniques in SAGD operations. The paper establishes the importance of effectively cleaning and clearing a SAGD wellbore in preparation for liner remediation and to provide insight into future well integrity operations.","PeriodicalId":253880,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, November 27, 2018","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116539726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post Yield Strain Fatigue Experiments to Validate Low Cycle Methodology for Tubular and Connections","authors":"S. Krishna, Ryan T. Milligan, K. George, R. Krishnamurthy, J. Powers, John Krener","doi":"10.2118/193361-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193361-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Post yield design methodology using Ductile Failure Damage Indicator (DFDI) for well tubulars was proposed and has been used for tubulars and connections life assessment. The tubular design assessment model incorporates a connection strain localization factor (SLF) to assess the fatigue life of the tubulars. Critical strain, a material-dependent parameter essential for DFDI, is obtained using the uniaxial stress-strain tests (i.e., strained to failure uniaxial tests). Understanding the impact of accumulated cyclic damage on critical strain is essential to the post-yield design approach. This paper aims to validate and evolve the low cycle methodology by 1) quantifying the effect of accumulating cyclic plastic strain on the critical strain through a series of post-yield axial and thermal strain fatigue experiments, and 2) applying the post-yield design approach to assess tubulars and connections.\u0000 Low cycle fatigue experiments demonstrating the critical strain measurement and its dependency on the thermal and axial-strain cycles will be discussed in the paper. Critical strain (K55 and L80) from monotonic tests is compared to critical strain obtained from cyclically preconditioned samples. Effect of cyclic plasticity on critical strain is established quantitatively. Coupons are also subjected to the post-yield axial and thermal cycles to failure and compared to critical strain-based DFDI design predictions. Since connections are known to be the weakest link in the casing system, the impact of connection thread-forms on the strain localization factor is demonstrated using a series of finite element models and the experimental material responses. Axial strain-controlled loading would be applied on the tubulars and connections to estimate the damage using the DFDI approach. A systematic approach to delineate the dependency of critical strain on cyclic straining validates the effectiveness of DFDI in thermal well design. Further, the quantification of SLF for integrating connection into thermal well design provides a complete solution.","PeriodicalId":253880,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, November 27, 2018","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128296799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SAGD Production Casing Failure Diagnosis and Repair","authors":"B. Plaxton, Trent Pehlke, Dennis Baxter, M. Crockett, T. Kaiser","doi":"10.2118/193362-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193362-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The operator experienced an unusual casing failure at a producing SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage) oil well in summer of 2017. The subject well in the Firebag SAGD field of NE Alberta, Canada had operated successfully for over 11 years. Once the problem was identified, the well was shut in to determine the nature of the failure and options for repair and recovery so it could be returned to operation as soon as possible.\u0000 Tasks included identifying and isolating the failure, establishing the cause and nature of the failure, and determining viable repair options. Logging diagnostics to measure/image the failure were performed, which included new ultra-sonic logging imaging technology, high-resolution multi-finger caliper logging, a downhole camera run and conventional eddy flux casing inspection log. Historical log data was also reviewed to assess whether the failure evolved over time, or if the mechanism was acute. Once the nature of the failure was established, the optimal repair method was chosen, planned and carried out.\u0000 Sophisticated analysis of multi-finger caliper log data, camera images and new technology in the form of an ultrasonic imaging tool for the casing were utilized and are presented. A discussion of potential root cause mechanisms for thermal wells is provided, including a variety of failure modes that could be ruled out. Confidence in the failure mode specific to this well was increased by considering information acquired from multiple diagnostic tools. The nature of the connection failure determined from this process is outlined, along the rationale behind the repair method selected to remediate the well.","PeriodicalId":253880,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, November 27, 2018","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114337064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Application of a New High Performance Lightweight Thermal Cement","authors":"Jared Taylor, Simon S. Iremonger","doi":"10.2118/193350-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193350-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Lightweight cements offer significant performance benefits over conventional higher density cement blends, including; improved mechanical properties and stress resilience, lower thermal conductivity, lower ECDs and improved returns to surface and potentially lower risk of casing collapse due to trapped annular pressure. However, a number of challenges exist in developing lightweight blends for thermal applications specifically concerning achieving short wait on cement at low bottom hole static temperature while also ensuring long-term chemical and mechanical stability at high temperatures. Here we report the development of a new lightweight thermal cement by utilizing hollow glass microspheres. Further fine-tuning of the desired slurry properties including controllable thickening times, zero free water, low fluid loss and short WOC was achieved through cost-effective additive adjustment, and the mechanical properties of the cement we validated by long term curing at both ambient and high temperaures (340 °C). To ensure that the high performance achieved in the controlled lab environment was maintained once deployed at full-scale field level an extensive QA/QC program was undertaken. This process involved collecting dry bulk field samples and confirming performance (thickening time, free water, rheology and fluid loss) prior to every job. After initial optimization of the blending process, a 100% success rate was achieved over the course of a more than a twenty jobs. Overall, a high quality lightweight thermal cement with excellent long-term mechanical properties was successfully developed and deployed.","PeriodicalId":253880,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, November 27, 2018","volume":"410 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124377634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CT Diagnosis of Well Trajectory and Completion Decision Guidance for SAGD Paired Horizontal Wells","authors":"Xun Chen, Shouguo Sun, De-Ping Tong","doi":"10.2118/193368-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193368-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The trajectory control quality is the key technology when using SAGD dual horizontal wells to produce heavy/super heavy oil. The systematic study of trajectory control, CT scanning diagnosis and completion decision has been carried out to guarantee the forming and keeping of steam chamber and enhance the drainage continuity and well-bore life so as to realize economical and effective development. In order to realize precise control of the trajectory of dual horizontal wells, the method with space rectangular target for dual horizontal wells and MGT magnetic-steering technology as its core, has been developed. The CT scanning diagnosis system of SAGD trajectory based on the medical technique has been developed to realize real-time scanning and predicting of the horizontal intervals of the paired horizontal wells. The timely warning and guidance of trajectory adjustment are available when the deviation of the relative position of the two wells from the space rectangular target occurs. After drilling, the space position relation of arbitrary cross-section along the trajectory axis is analyzed through the scanning diagnosis system, and scientific evaluation of the SAGD production is conducted using the SAGD efficiency coefficient method. If the relative position of certain intervals of the two wells is pretty near and there will be the risk of steam breakthrough, physical isolation of the intervals are recommended with casing and thermal packers. The technology has been applied in 12 well-groups in the Liaohe Oilfield, most of the dual horizontal wells have kept favorable position relations. During the injection well of Du-A well-group, due to the large formation dip, the scanning diagnosis system sent out warning signals when 2/3 of the horizontal interval had been drilled, then technicians adjusted the trajectory timely. After drilling, it was found that the distance between the two wells was less than 4m for a 4-meter interval at the 2/3 of the horizontal interval. During the design of completion strings, a blind tube is used to replace the screen in the interval. Two thermally-setting packers are designed respectively for the upper and lower end of the blind tube to realize physical isolation so as to ensure the formation of the steam chamber in the later period and guarantee favorable oil drainage. The overall production of the block has been increased by 15% compared to the wells in the earlier stage. After study, the SAGD trajectory control and completion decision technology with integral constraints of the space rectangular target, real time control of CT scanning diagnosis system and decision guidance after completion has been developed to successfully remove the potential developing troubles caused by trajectory control quality. With favorable applications in the field, the technology has become an important method to guarantee SAGD development effects.","PeriodicalId":253880,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, November 27, 2018","volume":"49 20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121080912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unified Basis for Thermal Casing/Connection System Design","authors":"Daniel Dall'Acqua, M. Chartier, J. Nowinka, G. Meijer","doi":"10.2118/193363-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193363-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Although thermal heavy oil recovery methods are extensively used, no unified and standardized basis exists for selecting materials and configuring intermediate (production) casing/connection systems for these extreme-service applications. Thermal intermediate casing systems must accommodate a wide variety of mechanical and environmental loads sustained during well construction, thermal service at temperatures exceeding 200°C, and well abandonment. Numerous operator- and field-specific designs have been used with good success and only a few isolated challenges, but industry's use of its operating experience to calibrate tubular design bases for future wells has been limited.\u0000 This paper identifies the benefits and components of a unified casing system design basis for thermal wells, aimed to be technically comprehensive, inclusive of the available elements of industry's collective knowledge and experience, and adaptable to technological advancements. The technical element of the unified basis broadly relates to the engineering foundation used to make three primary design selections: material, pipe body, and connections. For each design selection, the paper provides an overview of the associated technological challenges and the current state of the industry in addressing those challenges, including the commonly-adopted design approaches. Key performance considerations include integrity during well construction, connection thermal service structural integrity, pipe thermal service integrity and deformation tolerance, connection sealability, and casing system environmental cracking resistance. Where applicable, the paper identifies interdependencies that exist between design selections (for instance, the impact of pipe material selection on the thermally-induced axial load that must be borne by the tubular and connection), and discusses mechanisms for accounting for those added complexities in the design.\u0000 Ultimately, the intent of this paper is to provide a framework for referencing existing technical knowledge and for considering further development and field benchmarking work that will reduce the technological uncertainty and increase simplicity in thermal casing system designs. Industry will benefit from a unified engineering approach that offers operators sufficient flexibility to accommodate application requirements and prior experience.","PeriodicalId":253880,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, November 27, 2018","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133545522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase Exposed Bitumen Reserves by Optimizing Wellbore Placement in Oil Sands with Extra-Deep Azimuthal Resistivity LWD Service","authors":"Aleksandr Vetsak, Bryce V. J. Jablonski","doi":"10.2118/193374-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193374-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper describes a novel approach in drilling production wells while implementing real-time mapping of the Bitumen-Water Contact (BWC) with extra-deep azimuthal resistivity (EDAR) logging while drilling (LWD) service, thereby resulting in an increase of exploited bitumen reserves by optimizing wellbore placement. Within the Athabasca Bitumen Reservoir, the EDAR LWD service confidently mapped the BWC within a range of 2-22 meters below the entire producer wellbore. It also provided an earlier warning of an approaching low resistivity boundary, which allowed the operator to optimize the wellbore placement using real-time proactive steering decisions. In contrast to the existing azimuthal resistivity tools, which have the limited depth of investigation, this approach significantly mitigated the risks of intersecting or giving an incomplete picture of BWC surface. The real-time interpretation of extra-deep azimuthal resistivity data provided better understanding of the lateral distribution of the McMurray Formation along the horizontal wellbore, lithologically varying from clean sand facies to mud-filled channel facies and inclined heterolithic stratification (IHS) facies. The fluid heterogeneity of the reservoir included partial reservoir charging, irregular BWC and lean zones, which compounded lithology complexity within the reservoir. In one of the case studies, 50 percent increase was achieved in actual exploited bitumen reserves in comparison to the projected exploited reserves if drilled per the planned trajectory.\u0000 This new LWD approach was proven effective while drilling horizontal appraisal and producing wells in unconsolidated formations with high reservoir heterogeneity, it offered an opportunity to better understand the bitumen reservoir and ultimately led to increased production performance of Oil Sands projects.","PeriodicalId":253880,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, November 27, 2018","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131083468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Reliability Study of OCTG Casing and Connections for Thermal Wells","authors":"Mohammad S. Khan, Andrew Hamilton","doi":"10.2118/193359-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193359-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper describes a reliability based study of OCTG connections and casing for thermal wells. The fundamental principle of structural reliability analysis is being used to model the uncertainties associated with the load capacity of the casing as well as different installation and the operational loading conditions. These uncertainties influence the strength and performance of the thermal well casing structure. Traditional deterministic design factor cannot quantify the uncertainties associated with these variables. Statistical distributions of these variables obtained from different sources such as analysis, production and laboratory test data. Finding the proper statistical distribution of installation and operational load of the represented thermal well data is challenging since each well is unique. However, with the reliable dataset of statistical significance used to build a structural reliability model with reasonable accuracy. This model used for risk analysis as well as could predict the failure mode during the early design phase. The probability theory used in the assessment of structural reliability model. The reliability model concerns the aspects of probabilistic modeling of load (S) and strength/resistance (R) variables. The combined loading conditions and elastic-plastic materials models are outlined to represent the thermal well. Structural reliability analysis methods such as FORM/SORM and Monte Carlo simulation will be discussed to address the randomness of casing loading and OCTG property uncertainty originating from the parameters mentioned above.","PeriodicalId":253880,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, November 27, 2018","volume":"74 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114089086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}