Drug and Drug Abuse最新文献

{"title":"First Report of “Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy Variant” in an Injection Drug User with 12 New Organisms in Blood Cultures 17 Days after Admission to the Hospital","authors":"D. Kannangara, R. Anmolsingh, D. Pandya","doi":"10.31487/J.DDA.2020.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.DDA.2020.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"The term Munchausen syndrome is used to describe a situation where a person inflicts an illness or injury\u0000on self. Munchausen syndrome by proxy is when a person fabricates an illness on behalf of another. We\u0000report the case of an injection drug user admitted to the hospital for a spinal epidural abscess which was\u0000drained, treated with antibiotics and doing well, suddenly becoming very sick and febrile on day 17. The\u0000blood cultures grew a total of 12 organisms including 2 fungi. Someone who visited the patient in the\u0000hospital around this time was suspected to have injected a solution of drugs brought from home directly into\u0000the patient’s intravenous line used to administer antibiotics resulting in a polymicrobial\u0000bacteremia/fungemia. Presence of Lactobacilli in one blood culture raised the suspicion that the girl friend\u0000who was also a drug user, may have been responsible as Lactobacilli are more frequently found in hands of\u0000females. We caution physicians and nurses to be vigilant when handling injection drug users and other drug\u0000abusers admitted to hospital. Materials brought to the patient’s room from outside must be screened. New\u0000onset of unexpected symptoms should alert caregivers of the possibility of such abuse.","PeriodicalId":250883,"journal":{"name":"Drug and Drug Abuse","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122105990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infections in Injection Drug Users: The Significance of Oral Bacteria and a Comparison with Bacteria Originating from Skin and Environmental Sources","authors":"D. Pandya, D. Kannangara","doi":"10.31487/j.dda.2019.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.dda.2019.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Infections are common in IV drug users (IVDU). Heroin was by far the most common drug abused in our\u0000series of 80 patients. The spectrum of infections in our patients with ages ranging from 20-63, varied from\u0000mild skin infections to life threatening and fatal conditions such as septic shock, necrotizing fasciitis, spinal\u0000cord infarction and endocarditis with cerebral septic emboli. Our studies showed that bacterial infections in\u0000IV drug users originate from three different sources: 1. Skin (contaminated hands) 2. Oral microbiota 3.\u0000Environmental sources including water, soil and plants. The most common skin bacteria isolated were\u0000methicillin susceptible and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA). In our study\u0000Streptococcus anginosus group was the most common oral bacteria in IVDU with Streptococcus\u0000intermedius predominating, followed by group A Streptococcus, Prevotella spp., Eikenella corrodens,\u0000Haemophilus parainfluenzae and group C Streptococcus. A variety of environmental bacteria were isolated,\u0000but the total number of patients in this group was smaller. Bacteria originating from water, soil or plants\u0000present were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Delftia acidovorans,\u0000Commamonas sp., Chryseobacterium spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia marcesens, Burkholderia cepacia,\u0000Pseudomonas fluorescence and Acinetobacter. Twenty four out of 48 (50%) Staphylococcus aureusinfected\u0000patients were bacteremic, followed by 6/10 (60%) group A Streptococcus infected cases. Life threatening\u0000infections were more common with those infected with Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.\u0000Few had Candida sp., likely of oral origin. Hepatitis C was less common (2/37) 5.4% in the group with oral\u0000bacteria and more frequent in MSSA/MRSA patients (13/47) 27.7%. There was 1 coinfection with human\u0000immunodeficiency virus each in oral and skin bacteria associated groups. The bacteria isolated provided a\u0000clue to the source of infections and habits of the IV drug users.","PeriodicalId":250883,"journal":{"name":"Drug and Drug Abuse","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128800104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hamigeran G Does Not Affect Golgi Structure or Function in HEK293 Cells","authors":"A. J. Singh, Catrina Olivera, Euan R. Russell, J. Miller, P. Northcote","doi":"10.31487/J.DDA.2019.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.DDA.2019.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"The hamigerans are diterpenoid secondary metabolites isolated from the New Zealand marine sponge Hamigera tarangaensis. Of all the hamigerans that have been isolated and characterised at Victoria University of Wellington, hamigeran G showed the most potent anti-proliferative activity against a mammalian cancer cell line. We previously reported that it might be targeting the Golgi network of cells based on a chemical genomic screen on yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Here, we investigated the effects of hamigeran G on the Golgi network of mammalian cells and showed that it did not have a significant effect on Golgi apparatus morphology or Golgi network functions such as protein secretion and endocytosis. Results of this study, therefore, conclude that the Golgi network is unlikely to be the primary target of hamigeran G's anti-proliferative activity. Further work is needed to fully elucidate the mechanism of action and target(s) of hamigeran G.","PeriodicalId":250883,"journal":{"name":"Drug and Drug Abuse","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126015790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of The In Vitro And In Vivo Inhibitory Effects of Enrofloxacin On the Growth of Babesia Species and Theileria Equi","authors":"I. Igarashi, N. Yokoyama, A. Salama, A. Abdel-Aziz, M. AbouLaila, Rehab Mady, Soad Menshawy","doi":"10.31487/J.DDA.2019.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.DDA.2019.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Enrofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is an inhibitor of prokaryotic topoisomerase II with antibacterial and antiparasitic activities. The study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of enrofloxacin on Babesia species and Theileria equi in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The inhibitory effects of enrofloxacin were evaluated in vitro cultures using in vitro inhibition assay of three Babesia species and Theileria equi; furthermore, the in vivo inhibitory effect of enrofloxacin was evaluated in the mice model of Babesia microti. Results: The IC50 values of enrofloxacin were 4.9, 4.5, 4, and 3.9 nM for B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi, and B. equi, respectively. Enrofloxacin at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg resulted in a 92.9 % inhibition of Babesia microti growth in BALB/c mice. Combination therapy of enrofloxacin at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg with diminazene aceturate at a dose rate of 12.5 mg/kg resulted in 93.83 % inhibition of Babesia microti growth in BALB/c mice. Conclusions: Enrofloxacin might be used for drug therapy in babesiosis.","PeriodicalId":250883,"journal":{"name":"Drug and Drug Abuse","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115172518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are we used the appropriate therapy regimens on advanced pancreatic cancer?","authors":"Liqiong Yang, Fan Xu, Fangfang Liu, Shu Yang, Yuxi Duan","doi":"10.31487/J.DDA.2019.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.DDA.2019.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Even through numerous combinations of chemotherapy regimens are used to treat on the advanced pancreatic cancer, APC; however, the survival rate (overall survival and progress free survival) and treatment-related toxicity remain challenge. Here we provided neutral and failed outcomes that treat the APC in clinical trials, this need us to think twice whether we were used the appropriate therapy regimens, to enlarge the survival rate and to reduce the treatment-related toxicity. Evidences of treatment on APC are need indeed to assistant our physician decision making correctly.","PeriodicalId":250883,"journal":{"name":"Drug and Drug Abuse","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121437850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}