Medical Sociology eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Locked down in Distress: a Causal Estimation of the Mental-Health Fallout from the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK","authors":"Lina Anaya, Peter P. Howley, M. Waqas, G. Yalonetzky","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3873973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3873973","url":null,"abstract":"An already extensive literature documents the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. A nascent literature is also beginning to detail the mental health impact. A limitation with existing work is that reported findings generally cannot be taken as causal estimates. In this study, we use a large-scale longitudinal survey coupled with a differences-in-differences research design to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for mental health. We find substantive estimated increases in psychological distress for the population overall during the first wave. These impacts were, however, not uniformly distributed with the costs in terms of mental health being much more pronounced for females, younger cohorts, those with children, members of the BAME community and migrants. We also document significant heterogeneity according to personality traits. Finally, we identify subjective perceptions relating to financial health as an important predictor of the degree to which the mental health of people are impacted.","PeriodicalId":244764,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sociology eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126563910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of the Leading Indicators of COVID-19 Deceased Rates in New Delhi, India during the First Quarter of the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic in 2020","authors":"Rian Puri","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3879914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3879914","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the 5-, 14- and 21-day cumulative positivity rate vis-à-vis the COVID-19 deceased rate of each time period for the first four months of COVID-19 from April 2020 to September 2020 in New Delhi, India with the intention of getting insight into the relationship between the two and to evaluate the leading indicators of COVID-19 deceased rates using MATLAB programming language.Most news reports and media typically quote the 14-day positivity rate to know where Delhi is on the “curve” of corona virus COVID-19 cases. The 5-day positivity rate is marginally to slightly positively correlated with the deceased rate at +0.02 whereas the 14-day positivity rate has a negative correlation of -0.06 with the deceased rate. The higher negative correlation of the 21-day positivity rate of –0.12 with the deceased rate indicates that there are more recoveries over the subsequent 7-day period after 14 days which is also in-line with medical and health professionals who advocate a 14-day quarantine to recover from the virus if the population has tested positive. Statistical correlation and regression Analysis of Variants (ANOVA) analysis indicates that the 21-day positivity rate is negatively correlated to the deceased rate at -0.12 with an R2 (coefficient of determination) of 1.3% compared to correlation coefficients of –0.06 and +0.02 and R2 of 0.28% and 0.03% respectively for the 14-day and 5-day cumulative positivity rates.The 21-day rate is most relevant leading indicator in comparison with the 14-day and 5-day rate and is statistically significant at the 75% Confidence Interval. This implies a Regression equation of Deceased rate over 21 days = 0.0248 - 6.66% x 21 Day Positivity Rate + ErrorThis implies that corona hotspots should ideally quarantine for a longer 21-day period rather than the 14-day period typically advocated especially in areas where there is a stress on the healthcare facilities to avoid burdening the hospitals for non-critical cases.The paper suggests further avenues to explore this relationship including a split of the type of tests namely RT-PCR vs RAT antigen tests as RAT yields a higher 53% of false negatives vis-a-vis the COVID-19 deceased rate and an analysis over a longer time period of say 12 months to analyze the relationship of the delta (change) of the positivity rate and the delta of the deceased rate with statistical significance testing at the 95% and 99% confidence intervals. Longer period analysis would give further insight into leading indicators of rising and decreasing infections which could be used by government and health practitioners so as to proactively increase number of vaccines, health practitioners and hospital ICU beds in advance of a surge in infections and deceased rates.","PeriodicalId":244764,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sociology eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130172243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Housing Precarity & the Covid-19 Pandemic: Impacts of Utility Disconnection and Eviction Moratoria on Infections and Deaths Across Us Counties","authors":"K. Jowers, C. Timmins, N. Bhavsar, Qihui Hu, J. Marshall","doi":"10.3386/W28394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W28394","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the adoption of a number of policies that aim to reduce the spread of the disease by promoting housing stability. Housing precarity, which includes both the risk of eviction and utility disconnections or shut-offs, reduces a person’s ability to abide by social distancing orders and comply with hygiene recommendations. Our analysis quantifies the impact of these various economic policies on COVID-19 infection and death rates using panel regression techniques to control for a variety of potential confounders. We find that policies that limit evictions are found to reduce COVID-19 infections by 3.8% and reduce deaths by 11%. Moratoria on utility disconnections reduce COVID-19 infections by 4.4% and mortality rates by 7.4%. Had such policies been in place across all counties (i.e., adopted as federal policy) from early March 2020 through the end of November 2020, our estimated counterfactuals show that policies that limit evictions could have reduced COVID-19 infections by 14.2% and deaths by 40.7%. For moratoria on utility disconnections, COVID-19 infections rates could have been reduced by 8.7% and deaths by 14.8%. Housing precarity policies that prevent eviction and utility disconnections have been effective mechanisms for decreasing both COVID-19 infections and deaths.","PeriodicalId":244764,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sociology eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132741908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate Resilience and Response to COVID-19","authors":"Alexander Cheema-Fox, Bridget Realmuto LaPerla, George Serafeim, Hui (Stacie) Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3578167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3578167","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus pandemic caused a sharp market decline while raising heterogeneous responses across companies related to their employees, supply chain, and repurposing of operations to provide needed products and services. We study whether during the 2020 COVID-19 induced market crash, investors differentiated across companies based on their human capital, supply chain, and products and service response. Using data derived from natural language processing applied to news coverage of corporate responses to the coronavirus crisis for 3,023 companies around the world, we find that more positive sentiment around a company’s response is associated with less negative returns. This is especially true for companies with more salient responses and in industries that those responses are more likely to represent a credible commitment to their stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":244764,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sociology eJournal","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123528902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stay at Home to Stay Safe: Effectiveness of Stay-at-Home Orders in Containing the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Guihua Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3581873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3581873","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an ongoing debate regarding the effectiveness of the stay-at-home order implemented in many states. While proponents believe that the order helps reduce person-to-person contacts and therefore the spread of the pandemic, opponents argue that the order is unnecessary and hurts the economy. In this study, we use eight states that did not implement the order as a control group and six neighbor states that implemented the order as a treatment group to estimate the effect of the stay-at-home order. We find that, though residents in both groups have already voluntarily stayed at home, the order reduces the number of new COVID-19 cases by 7.6%. To understand the mechanisms behind these results, we compare the mobility of residents in the control and treatment groups over time. We find that the stay-at-home order significantly increases residence mobility (i.e., movement at home) and reduces the mobility at transit station, work place, retail and recreation. The results of this study are useful to policy makers as they conduct cost-benefit analyses of back-to-work plans vs. stay-at-home policies and decide whether to implement, extend, or lift a stay-at-home order amid a pandemic such as COVID-19. Our results are also useful to researchers as we highlight the importance of correcting for potential selection issues. As we illustrate in this study, ignoring potential selection issues would lead to the wrong conclusion that the stay-at-home order increases the number of new cases.","PeriodicalId":244764,"journal":{"name":"Medical Sociology eJournal","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115529101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}