Youth on the MovePub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0001
A. Kefale, Fana Gebresenbet
{"title":"Introduction Multiple Transitions and Irregular Migration in Ethiopia","authors":"A. Kefale, Fana Gebresenbet","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This introductory chapter argues that consideration of multiple transitions sending communities and countries go through, and assemblage thinking will contribute to a more nuanced understanding of irregular migration from the perspective of sending communities. The chapter considers five co-occurring transitions with differing logics: demographic, political, socio-economic, youth to adulthood, and global. These transitions provide the structural opportunities and constraints which influence migration decision making of prospective migrants, their family and the local community. Assemblage of migration—defined as a process within which various players, including prospective migrants, brokers and traffickers, state officials, formal and informal institutions link in a harmonious as well as competitive fashion to shape outward migration from Ethiopia—is key to understanding the agency of migrants and sending communities. It also helps us to better understand the complexity of migration and its fluidity, i.e., as patterns of migration get re-constructed in response to changes in sending, transit and destination countries. Assemblage thinking captures the agency of actors at different levels, thereby dislodging the disproportionate attention paid to destination countries. Lastly, the chapter introduces the eleven chapters included in the book.","PeriodicalId":244299,"journal":{"name":"Youth on the Move","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114243883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youth on the MovePub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0003
F. Tufa, P. Deshingkar, Tekalign Ayalew Mengiste
{"title":"‘Say What the Government Wants and Do What Is Good for Your Family’","authors":"F. Tufa, P. Deshingkar, Tekalign Ayalew Mengiste","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary dominant literature and media reports on irregular migration portray migrants as victims of human trafficking and smuggling rings. They focus on the criminal aspects of the roles of those who involve in migration facilitation. This chapter challenges such arguments for downplaying the dynamism and social complexity of the organization of migration facilitation. With a visible departure from the existing hegemonic statist arguments, the chapter emphasizes the views from below. It highlights the roles of aspiring migrants, their families, and other social relations such as religious networks. In other words, it presents the active agency of the migrants and their families in planning, finding brokers, financing and playing active part in initialising the smuggling process with a purpose of realising the migrants’ desired future and the wellbeing of their families.","PeriodicalId":244299,"journal":{"name":"Youth on the Move","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127919943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youth on the MovePub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0002
Alemu Asfaw Nigusie
{"title":"Interrogating the Inter-Linkage Between Ethiopian Migration Policies and Irregular Migration","authors":"Alemu Asfaw Nigusie","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter analyses the evolution of Ethiopia’s migration-related legal instruments and their contexts and assumptions on the one hand and how human traffickers and employment agencies devise creative methods to circumvent and bypass the existing laws on the other hand. It argues that despite the enactment of various polices and proclamations to limit it, the practice of irregular migration has been increasing, not declining. It also argues that absence of legal overseas employment opportunities (2014-2018) from the Ethiopian side has exacerbated irregular migration and its associated ordeal of individuals at the hands of smugglers and traffickers.","PeriodicalId":244299,"journal":{"name":"Youth on the Move","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122284442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youth on the MovePub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0006
Catherine Dom
{"title":"Migration Aspirations and ‘Glocal Ideas of the Good Life’ in Two Rural Communities in Southern and North-Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Catherine Dom","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at how ‘ideas of the good life’ interacted and coevolved with aspirations to, and experiences and effects of, youth migration abroad, in two rural communities in Ethiopia. Aspirations are conceived as a social construct, in which an individual’s representation of her desirable future is formed from her experiences and social interactions. The chapter shows that in both sites, migration aspirations were shaping and being shaped by ideas of the good life and social norms about self-worth that drew on a ‘glocal’ cultural and normative repertoire formed through the continuous inter-penetration of ‘the global’ and ‘the local’. In a complex evolution also influenced by urbanisation, education and communications, migration aspirations and acts embodied the agency of the youth who constructed it through both, their desire for change, and their locally embedded search for recognition, just as generations of young people have done before them.","PeriodicalId":244299,"journal":{"name":"Youth on the Move","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120980695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youth on the MovePub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0007
Kiya Gezahegne
{"title":"Rituals of Migration","authors":"Kiya Gezahegne","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"In Amhara region, labor appears to be the best strategy to secure livelihood of households in the changing economic, social, political and physical environment. Among this, labor migration to the Middle East and the Sudan has been taken as a major option by the youth from the region. Prior to initiating the migration process, migrants have a preconceived reflection on what to expect on the journey and the experience to be faced in the destination country. They thus go through a ritual of different kinds to protect themselves and reach to their destination. There are also certain rituals migrants use as a strategy and coping mechanism that help them settle at their destination and maintain relations with their families and the community in their place of origin. It is such rituals by migrants and the ideologies associated with it that this study focuses upon.","PeriodicalId":244299,"journal":{"name":"Youth on the Move","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123848488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youth on the MovePub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0009
Y. Estifanos
{"title":"Gender Relations in a Transnational Space","authors":"Y. Estifanos","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197631942.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Based on extensive fieldwork in South Africa (Johannesburg and Durban) and Ethiopia (Addis Ababa and Hosaena) since 2014, this chapter focused on the gendered consequences of the increasing feminization of Ethiopian migration to South Africa over the past decade. Few women migrate independently, while most are sponsored by prospective husbands. The chapter contests the dominant narrative that international migration provides opportunities for economic independence, and provides space for emancipation and empowerment of women. It further argues that the feminization of migration morphed from a benevolent relationship that materially benefited spouses into an exploitative one, as husbands control the socioeconomic and political spaces in the informal economy of South Africa leaving women with dual responsibilities as wife and worker. Moreover, men import, appropriate and modify socio-cultural institutions primarily to get financial benefits when a prospective wife arrives in South Africa. Exploitation of women is made more likely as most are teenager and inexperienced. By identifying girls and introducing them to established men in South Africa prior female immigrants reinforce the transnational social networks and sustain smuggling of more women.","PeriodicalId":244299,"journal":{"name":"Youth on the Move","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125853872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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