Hypothyroidism - New Aspects of an Old Disease [Working Title]最新文献

Molecular Mechanisms of Glucose Uptake Regulation in Thyroid Cancer 甲状腺癌中葡萄糖摄取调节的分子机制

Hypothyroidism - New Aspects of an Old Disease [Working Title] Pub Date : 2022-01-17 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101937

Shabnam Heydarzadeh, Ali Asghar Moshtaghie, M. Daneshpour, M. Hedayati

{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Glucose Uptake Regulation in Thyroid Cancer","authors":"Shabnam Heydarzadeh, Ali Asghar Moshtaghie, M. Daneshpour, M. Hedayati","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.101937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101937","url":null,"abstract":"Common capabilities of thyroid malignant cells are accelerating metabolism and increasing glucose uptake to optimize energy supply for growth. In tumor cells, keeping the power load required for cell survival is essential and glucose transporters are capable of promoting this task. GLUT-1 and GLUT3 are promising goals for the development of anti-cancer strategies. The lack of oncosuppressors has dominant effect on the membrane expression of GLUT1 and glucose uptake. Overexpression of hypoxia-inducing factors, in thyroid cancer, modulates the expression of some glucose transporter genes. Although the physiology of the thyroid gland has been excellently explained, metabolic regulation in thyroid cancer is inevitable. In this section, we investigated the proliferation pathways of pivotal regulators and signal molecules around GLUT regulation in thyroid cancer, including PTEN, p53, MicroRNA, iodide, BRAF, HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, TSH, c-Myc, and AMPK. Impaired energy regulation and cell metabolism are the most critical symptoms of most cancers. As a result, understanding the mechanisms of glucose transport in the normal and pathological tissues of the thyroid may be very crucial and offer tremendous insights into the science of analysis and remedy of thyroid disease.","PeriodicalId":243364,"journal":{"name":"Hypothyroidism - New Aspects of an Old Disease [Working Title]","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115841819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Melatonin Modulates Hypophyseal-Thyroid Function through Differential Activation of MT1 and MT2 Receptors in Hypothyroid Mice 褪黑素通过MT1和MT2受体的差异激活调节甲状腺功能

Hypothyroidism - New Aspects of an Old Disease [Working Title] Pub Date : 2022-01-09 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.100524

Shiv Shankar Singh, P. Laskar, A. Deb, Sangita Sutradhar

{"title":"Melatonin Modulates Hypophyseal-Thyroid Function through Differential Activation of MT1 and MT2 Receptors in Hypothyroid Mice","authors":"Shiv Shankar Singh, P. Laskar, A. Deb, Sangita Sutradhar","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.100524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100524","url":null,"abstract":"Hypothyroidism is characterized by the low level of thyroid hormones in circulation, which affects the normal metabolic activities of organisms. Propylthiouracil (PTU) induced hypothyroid condition impairs the antioxidant defense system and therefore normal physiology alters. Melatonin influences most physiological activities and is also known for its antioxidative properties. Melatonin modulates physiological activities through receptor-mediated as well as non-receptor-mediated pathways. In this study, we evaluated the involvement of melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors in the modulation of hypophyseal-thyroid function in PTU-induced hypothyroid mice. We have noted the decreased level of T3 and T4 and increased level of TSH hormone in PTU-treated mice. Melatonin treatment counteracted the PTU-caused changes in circulatory T3, T4, and TSH hormones. PTU treatment caused increased MT1 receptor protein expression in the thyroid as well as the pituitary gland while increased MT2 receptor protein in the pituitary gland. Melatonin treatment caused increased TSH receptor protein in the thyroid gland. Melatonin induced MT2 receptor protein expression in both the thyroid and pituitary glands whereas MT1 receptor proteins in the pituitary gland. This study may suggest that melatonin regulates hypophyseal-thyroid function through differential sensitization of MT1 and MT2 receptors on the pituitary and thyroid glands in hypothyroid mice.","PeriodicalId":243364,"journal":{"name":"Hypothyroidism - New Aspects of an Old Disease [Working Title]","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129207702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Morphology Aspects of Hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退的形态学特征

Hypothyroidism - New Aspects of an Old Disease [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-12-03 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101123

F. Candanedo-Gonzalez, J. Ríos-Valencia, Dafne Noemi Pacheco-Garcilazo, Wilfredo Valenzuela-Gonzalez, A. Gamboa-Domínguez

引用次数: 0

Application of Data Science Approaches to Investigate Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Precision Medicine 数据科学方法在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病精准医学研究中的应用

Hypothyroidism - New Aspects of an Old Disease [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101220

Ayodeji Folorunsho Ajayi, Emmanuel Tayo Adebayo, Iyanuoluwa Oluwadunsi Adebayo, Olubunmi Simeon Oyekunle, Victor Oluwaseyi Amos, Segun Emmanuel Bamidele, Goodness Olusayo Olatinwo

{"title":"Application of Data Science Approaches to Investigate Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Precision Medicine","authors":"Ayodeji Folorunsho Ajayi, Emmanuel Tayo Adebayo, Iyanuoluwa Oluwadunsi Adebayo, Olubunmi Simeon Oyekunle, Victor Oluwaseyi Amos, Segun Emmanuel Bamidele, Goodness Olusayo Olatinwo","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.101220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101220","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, the application of artificial intelligence in facilitating, capturing, and restructuring Big data has transformed the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment of diseases, a field known as precision medicine. Big data has been established in various domains of medicine for example, artificial intelligence has found its way into immunology termed as immunoinformatics. There is evidence that precision medicine tools have made an effort to accurately detect, profile, and suggest treatment regimens for thyroid dysfunction using Big data such as imaging and genetic sequences. In addition, the accumulation of data on polymorphisms, autoimmune thyroid disease, and genetic data related to environmental factors has occurred over time resulting in drastic development of clinical autoimmune thyroid disease study. This review emphasized how genetic data plays a vital role in diagnosing and treating diseases related to autoimmune thyroid disease like Graves’ disease, subtle subclinical thyroid dysfunctions, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and hypothyroid autoimmune thyroiditis. Furthermore, connotation between environmental and endocrine risk factors in the etiology of the disease in genetically susceptible individuals were discussed. Thus, endocrinologists’ potential hurdles in cancer and thyroid nodules field include unreliable biomarkers, lack of distinct therapeutic alternatives due to genetic difference. Precision medicine data may improve their diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities using artificial intelligence.","PeriodicalId":243364,"journal":{"name":"Hypothyroidism - New Aspects of an Old Disease [Working Title]","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134134550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hypothyroidism Therapy 甲状腺功能减退的治疗

Hypothyroidism - New Aspects of an Old Disease [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99978

W. Abassi, N. Ouerghi, A. Bouassida

引用次数: 0

Evolution of Thyroid Enhancement of Embryogenesis and Early Survival 甲状腺增强胚胎发生和早期存活的进化

Hypothyroidism - New Aspects of an Old Disease [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.100409

Arjay Pataueg, Earl T. Larson, Christopher L. Brown

{"title":"Evolution of Thyroid Enhancement of Embryogenesis and Early Survival","authors":"Arjay Pataueg, Earl T. Larson, Christopher L. Brown","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.100409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100409","url":null,"abstract":"Iodine imparts protective antioxidant actions that improve the fitness of invertebrate organisms, and peptides carrying iodine initially appear to have served in a defensive capacity. Tyrosine carries multiple iodines in some echinoderms, and these peptides transferred to progeny serve both protective and signaling purposes. This parental relationship appears to be the most likely evolutionary basis for emergence of the vertebrate thyroid endocrine system, and its critically important development-promoting actions in larval and (later) fetal ontogeny. Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) induce settlement and stimulate transitions to alternative feeding modes in some echinoderms. This transgenerational relationship has been conserved and elaborated in vertebrates, including humans, which share common ancestry with echinoderms. Thyroid insufficiency is damaging or can be lethal to larval fishes; egg yolk that is insufficiently primed with maternal thyroid hormones (TH) results in compromised development and high mortality rates at the time of first-feeding. Maternally-derived TH supplied to offspring supports the onset of independent feeding in fishes (eye, mouth, lateral line, swim bladder and intestinal maturation) and survival by comparable developmental mechanisms in placental mammals. Fishes evolved precise control of TH secretion and peripheral processing; early metamorphic and feeding mode actions were joined by controlled thermogenesis in homeotherms.","PeriodicalId":243364,"journal":{"name":"Hypothyroidism - New Aspects of an Old Disease [Working Title]","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115803869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Ultrasound in Hypothyroidism, Technique, Differential Diagnosis and Follow-Up 超声在甲状腺功能减退中的作用、技术、鉴别诊断及随访

Hypothyroidism - New Aspects of an Old Disease [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-09-21 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99989

H. Baş

引用次数: 0