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Sialorrhea: A Guide to Etiology, Assessment, and Management 唾液:病因、评估和管理指南
Salivary Glands - New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment Pub Date : 2018-12-06 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82619
I. A. Güvenç
{"title":"Sialorrhea: A Guide to Etiology, Assessment, and Management","authors":"I. A. Güvenç","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82619","url":null,"abstract":"Sialorrhea, also known as hypersalivation or ptyalism, is excessive salivation associated with neurological disorders or localized anatomical abnormalities in the oral cavity. Pathologic sialorrhea may develop due to hypersalivation, together with various neu- rologic disorders including cerebral palsy, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or as an adverse effect of medications. Sialorrhea results in numerous problem - atic physical and psychosocial complications and has a significant negative impact on quality of life for both the patient and caregiver. The management of sialorrhea is best accomplished with a multidisciplinary team approach. Treatment options range from conservative measures such as observation, positioning, behavioral therapies, and phar- macological therapy to more aggressive methods such as botulinum toxin injections or surgery. The physiology, etiology, assessment, and treatment of sialorrhea are outlined in this review.","PeriodicalId":241514,"journal":{"name":"Salivary Glands - New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129399126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Xerostomia: An Update of Causes and Treatments 口干症:病因和治疗的最新进展
Salivary Glands - New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72307
A. Escobar, J. Aitken-Saavedra
{"title":"Xerostomia: An Update of Causes and Treatments","authors":"A. Escobar, J. Aitken-Saavedra","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72307","url":null,"abstract":"Xerostomia or dry mouth sensation is considered a complex condition that affects several stomatological functions that drives to the detriment of the quality of life of individuals who suffer from it. Often, xerostomia is accompanied by a decrease in salivary flow or hyposalivation, and this condition leads to oral health problems such as dental caries, candidiasis, and mucosal complications. Currently, the diagnosis and therapeutic methods for this condition are varied and it is difficult to achieve favorable results in all cases, since the etiology seems to be multifactorial where both local factors and systemic conditions would participate. This chapter presents, in a concise shape, the relevant data about etiology of xerostomia, such as age, autoimmune diseases, systemic diseases, infectious diseases, neuropathic complications, psychogenic factors and therapeutically consumption of drugs among others, and the current available treatments.","PeriodicalId":241514,"journal":{"name":"Salivary Glands - New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121869406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Secretions of Human Salivary Gland 人类唾液腺的分泌物
Salivary Glands - New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75538
Anahita Punj
{"title":"Secretions of Human Salivary Gland","authors":"Anahita Punj","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75538","url":null,"abstract":"The salivary glands play an important role in our body by the virtue of its ability to secrete saliva. Saliva has a role to play in maintaining the health of the oral cavity and for carrying out physiological functions like mastication, taste perception, speech etc. It also acts as a mirror to the systemic status of an individual owing to its ability to act as a diagnostic fluid for detecting a number of conditions and diseases. Saliva is a potential noninvasive diagnostic fluid for detection of a number of biomarkers of disease and health. Advancement in diagnostic methods has helped in identifying biomarkers of disease in saliva. In order to understand and diagnose pathological changes, a thorough understanding of the salivary gland anatomy, physiology and regulation of its secretion is warranted. This chapter aims to provide the basic understanding of the secretions of saliva.","PeriodicalId":241514,"journal":{"name":"Salivary Glands - New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131488797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Approach to Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Disease from Nuclear Medicine Images 利用核医学影像诊断唾液腺疾病的方法
Salivary Glands - New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.70622
M. Nakayama, A. Okizaki, K. Nakajima, Koji Takahashi
{"title":"Approach to Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Disease from Nuclear Medicine Images","authors":"M. Nakayama, A. Okizaki, K. Nakajima, Koji Takahashi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.70622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.70622","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear medicine images can help in the diagnosis and assessment of some salivary dis- orders. 99mTcO4−, gallium-67-citrate scintigraphy will be an indication of the function of salivary gland together and it will be used for the diffuse diseases such as sialad - enitis, Sjögren’s syndrome, sarcoidosis, glossopharyngeal paralysis, and irradiation. It is also effective for distinguishing benign tumor legion with Warthin’s tumor and others. Moreover, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is an indis pensable modality for determining the localization, focal lesions, and staging of many malignant tumors, the fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) accumulation is visually and semi-quantitatively assessed using the standardized uptake value (SUV), which is the ratio of uptake to the injected dose per unit body weight. Also for radioactive iodine therapy, attention should be paid to adverse reactions. It is important to note that acute/chronic salivary gland disorders are associated with radioiodine therapy for the treatment of postoperative thyroid cancer. Coordination among healthcare providers including nurses, radiological technologists, and doctors of all departments involved in treatment is important for achieving effective outcomes.","PeriodicalId":241514,"journal":{"name":"Salivary Glands - New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114519213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Salivary Effects of Facial Vibrotactile Stimulation in Patients with Sjogren’s Syndrome and Poor Salivation 面部振动触觉刺激对干燥综合征伴唾液分泌不良患者唾液分泌的影响
Salivary Glands - New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72383
K. Ueda, Kanako Gora, M. Yamaoka, Takako Sato, K. Abe, Enri Nakayama, Mituyasu Sato, Y. Tunoda, S. Akatuka, Sayaka Fukui, A. Hayashi, T. Hirai, S. Ohnishi, M. Hayata, H. Hiraba
{"title":"Salivary Effects of Facial Vibrotactile Stimulation in Patients with Sjogren’s Syndrome and Poor Salivation","authors":"K. Ueda, Kanako Gora, M. Yamaoka, Takako Sato, K. Abe, Enri Nakayama, Mituyasu Sato, Y. Tunoda, S. Akatuka, Sayaka Fukui, A. Hayashi, T. Hirai, S. Ohnishi, M. Hayata, H. Hiraba","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72383","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the effect of vibrotactile apparatus in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome and oth - ers with reduced salivation in comparison to normal subjects. The most effective salivation in normal subjects was produced by 89 Hz vibrotactile stimulation with 9.8 μm ampli - tude on the parotid or submandibular glands vibrotactile stimuli. First, we examined by measuring the weight of dental cotton rolls positioned at the opening of the secretory duct for total salivation 3 min during resting, and then after 5-min intervals, the weights were measured every 3 min of vibrotactile stimulation on salivary glands. Furthermore, we measured facial temperature around vibrators after 2 min of vibration. We investigated 10 poor salivation patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (8 patients) defined by examinations (contrast study or scintigraphic test) and others (2 patients). About 50% of patients with poor salivation gained recognition for good results, although they had periods of short-term (3 months) and long-term effects (6–7 years) during recuperation. Furthermore, facial skin temperatures on both sides of parotid glands were decreased in Sjogren’s syndrome after vibration, although their temperatures were increased following recovery. Although the mechanism is not clear, we think that vibrotactile stimulation gives activation to salivary glands under the rising facial temperature.","PeriodicalId":241514,"journal":{"name":"Salivary Glands - New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116970696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Proteomics of the Salivary Fluid 唾液的蛋白质组学
Salivary Glands - New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72309
G. Mitulovič
{"title":"Proteomics of the Salivary Fluid","authors":"G. Mitulovič","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72309","url":null,"abstract":"Following the sequencing of the human genome, the mapping of the human proteome is the next task to being completed in order to gain knowledge on how proteins are involved in disease genesis, growth, therapy, and healing. As contrary to the genome, which is relatively static, the human proteome is significantly more complex and highly dynamic. Whilst the majority of the research is being focused on analyzing either the proteome of tumor tissues and tumor cells or the proteome of serum and plasma, little attention has been awarded to the analysis of proteomes in saliva or urine. The prote- ome in saliva can help providing important information on processes involving health issues in dentistry, head and neck cancers, gastric cancers or neurology, to name just a few. However, this is changing and the proteomics research community is increasingly focusing on deciphering the salivary proteome. So far, more than 3000 proteins have been identified in different studies and more is to come with new instrumentation and methods available. Some of the proteomics methods applied for analysis of salivary proteins will be discussed in this chapter.","PeriodicalId":241514,"journal":{"name":"Salivary Glands - New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129405434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Combined Approaches in Sialolithiasis of Major Salivary Glands 大唾液腺涎石症的联合入路治疗
Salivary Glands - New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72308
I. Konstantinidis, A. Chatziavramidis, IoannisIakovou
{"title":"Combined Approaches in Sialolithiasis of Major Salivary Glands","authors":"I. Konstantinidis, A. Chatziavramidis, IoannisIakovou","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72308","url":null,"abstract":"Combined (endoscopic-transcutaneous/intraoral) techniques are an effective treatment for large and/or impacted stones of the major salivary glands. This approach results in high rates of symptom improvement and gland preservation. The complication rates are relatively low, further supporting the use of these techniques as an additional tool between the classic sialendoscopy and the external classic procedures of gland removal. In this chapter, we describe the combined approach for the parotid gland and the submandibular gland and finally, the retrograde sialendoscopy through the surgical field of an open approach.","PeriodicalId":241514,"journal":{"name":"Salivary Glands - New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134227148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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