Botulinum Toxin最新文献

Botulinum Toxins, Diversity, Mode of Action, Epidemiology of Botulism in France 肉毒毒素，多样性，作用方式，肉毒中毒在法国流行病学

Botulinum Toxin Pub Date : 2018-12-19 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79056

M. Popoff

{"title":"Botulinum Toxins, Diversity, Mode of Action, Epidemiology of Botulism in France","authors":"M. Popoff","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79056","url":null,"abstract":"Botulinum toxins (BoNTs) are the most potent toxins and are responsible for botulism, which is a neurological disease in man and animals. Botulism is characterized by flaccid paralysis and inhibition of secretions. BoNTs are produced by distinct clostridial species including Clostridium botulinum that consist in four physiological and genetic groups, atypical strains of C. baratii and C. butyricum . Recently, nonclostridial bacteria have been found to synthesize BoNTs. The particularity of BoNTs is to associate with nontoxic pro- teins to form large-size complexes that are resistant to acidic pH and protease degrada-tion of the digestive tract. BoNTs are divided into 10 types based on neutralization by specific antisera and into more than 40 subtypes according to their sequence variations. All BoNTs retain a common core structure and mode of action, which consists in the inhibition of neurotransmitter release, notably acetylcholine. Human botulism occurs in three main forms: foodborne botulism, botulism by intestinal colonization including infant botulism, and wound botulism. In France, type B foodborne botulism is the most prevalent form, resulting from the traditional consumption of pork products such as home-made cured ham. Albeit less frequent, human botulism is still present in France including diverse types and origins.","PeriodicalId":239789,"journal":{"name":"Botulinum Toxin","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125130049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Botulinum Toxin in Dentistry 肉毒杆菌毒素在牙科

Botulinum Toxin Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78950

D. Mostafa

引用次数: 1

Experimental Comparative Effects of Botulinum Toxin A between Subtypes A1 and A2 in Movement Disorders in Rats A1和A2亚型肉毒毒素A对大鼠运动障碍影响的实验比较

Botulinum Toxin Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80886

T. Kohda, Yasushi Torii, H. Nakajima

{"title":"Experimental Comparative Effects of Botulinum Toxin A between Subtypes A1 and A2 in Movement Disorders in Rats","authors":"T. Kohda, Yasushi Torii, H. Nakajima","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80886","url":null,"abstract":"In the present review, we describe here experimental comparative and beneficial effects of botulinum neurotoxin A (ANTX) between subtypes A1 and A2 in the pathology of move ment disorders, particularly rat Parkinson’s disease model. We and other laboratories have shown the beneficial effects, and this novel strategy for intractable brain disorders might confer potent and safety therapy in bedside. First, we show the characteristics of ANTXs in the genetic aspects of these subtypes, and our intriguing findings of immunological profiles in the subtypes between A1NTX and A2NTX. Then, we state the distinct diffusion in the body between A1NTX and A2NTX. Importantly, we describe that the intra-brain treatment of small animals with A2NTX subtype results in improvements of pathologies more effectively and provides greater safety than those of A1NTX in a rat 6-OHDA Parkinson’s disease (PD) model. Finally, we represent that the different efficacies between ANTXs are likely due to each localization in the brain; A2NTX is strictly limited in the injected regions, while A1NTX diffused other brain regions. Thus, therapeutic avenue using A2NTX in incurable PD including other movement disorders could be a druggable target in the future.","PeriodicalId":239789,"journal":{"name":"Botulinum Toxin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131306875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Masseter Hypertrophy: Toxin Treatment Techniques, Causes of Complications, and Prevention 咬肌肥大:毒素治疗技术，并发症的原因和预防

Botulinum Toxin Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79616

Hsien-Li Peter Peng

引用次数: 2

Urological Applications of Botulinum Toxin A 肉毒毒素A在泌尿外科的应用

Botulinum Toxin Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79555

Said M. Yaiesh, Meshari F. Almutairi, A. Al-Terki, Tariq F. Al-Shaiji

引用次数: 3

Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Chronic Migraines 肉毒杆菌毒素治疗慢性偏头痛

Botulinum Toxin Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78777

Alberto Jaime Kalach-Mussali, D. Algazi

{"title":"Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Chronic Migraines","authors":"Alberto Jaime Kalach-Mussali, D. Algazi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78777","url":null,"abstract":"Migraines are the third most common disease in the world, with an estimated global prevalence of 14.7%. Migraine has a characteristic throbbing quality, of moderate to severe intensity, generally unilateral, and has associated symptoms including photophobia, phonophobia, and gastrointestinal distress. Episodic migraine occurs less than 15 days per month, while chronic migraines occur more or equal to 15 days per month. Treatment of migraine consists of abortive and preventive therapy. Acetaminophen, aspirin, and NSAIDs are often used for management of mild attacks. For more severe attacks, trip - tans are recommended. Intravenous administration of some combination of dopamine receptor agonists, dihydroergotamine, and intravenous NSAIDs is recommended for severe episodes. Preventive daily treatment of migraine is recommended when migraine episodes exceed 6–8 days per month, or what is tolerable to the patient. Beta-blockers, topiramate, amitriptyline, and divalproex sodium are commonly used for migraine prevention. Initial anecdotal reports in patients receiving botulinum toxin for facial cosmetic purposes noted the effects of these injections on headache and trigger point-initiated pain syndromes, which appeared to be independent of its effects upon muscle tone. Current thinking is that migraine pain results from activation of intracranial meningeal perivascu lar afferents with some studies suggesting the role of extracranial afferents.","PeriodicalId":239789,"journal":{"name":"Botulinum Toxin","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131412559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Adjuvant Botulinum Toxin Harmonisation in Minimally Invasive Facial Aesthetic Surgery 微创面部美容手术中佐剂肉毒杆菌毒素协调

Botulinum Toxin Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79665

C. Bouzouaya, R. Feiner

{"title":"Adjuvant Botulinum Toxin Harmonisation in Minimally Invasive Facial Aesthetic Surgery","authors":"C. Bouzouaya, R. Feiner","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79665","url":null,"abstract":"Botulinum toxin (BT) has been utilised as a non-invasive injectable treatment for aesthetic facial enhancement since 1992 after Carruthers JDA and Carruthers JA published their study observing that BT improved glabellar lines. Numerous aesthetic indications were steadily devised, enabling aesthetic medical practitioners to utilise BT as a stand-alone treatment strategy. However, while effective stand-alone BT treatments are functionally limited to targeted attenuation of muscular hyperactivity. Furthermore, BT treatment outcomes are of relatively short duration, requiring repeated treatments at approxi- mately 12–16-week intervals to maintain effectiveness. Minimally invasive treatment strategies such as volumising filler injections, thread lifting, injectable/photo-thermal biomodulation and blepharoplasty are relatively durable aesthetic treatments that can be enhanced by adjuvant BT treatments. Accordingly, rather than relying on the commonly isolated utilisation of BT, the authors suggest a more comprehensive treatment model, whereby the synergistic interplay between minimally invasive treatments and adjuvant BT is demonstrated to advance and harmonise aesthetic outcomes.","PeriodicalId":239789,"journal":{"name":"Botulinum Toxin","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124733837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Botulinum Toxin Adverse Events 肉毒杆菌毒素不良事件

Botulinum Toxin Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79761

Raffaela Pero, S. Laneri, G. Fico

引用次数: 6