{"title":"U.S. Monetary Policy in an Integrating World: 1960 to 2000","authors":"R. Cooper, J. Little","doi":"10.2469/DIG.V32.N2.1071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2469/DIG.V32.N2.1071","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the impact of global developments on the practice of U.S. monetary policy, broadly defined to include regulatory and lender-of-last-resort functions as well as open market, discount, and intervention activity, over the past forty years. It is part of a paper presented at the forty-fifth economic conference of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. The authors briefly review a few familiar facts establishing the increased openness of the U.S. economy, and go on to explore episodes when external events beyond those included in the domestic outlook-events like significant exchange rate shifts-appear to have influenced monetary policy decisions. ; They find that the view that U.S. monetary policy is mostly or even entirely domestically oriented is largely incorrect, in at least three different respects. Greater engagement with the rest of the world in both trade and financial transactions has led the U.S. economy to be more directly affected by overseas developments than it was three or four decades ago. Moreover, a perusal of FOMC records reveals extensive references to international developments in discussions of the future direction of monetary policy. And third, external competitive pressures have facilitated substantial changes in the structure of the U.S. financial system. This interplay between financial innovation and regulatory change has in turn affected how monetary policy works.","PeriodicalId":239055,"journal":{"name":"New England Economic Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122876902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk-adjusted performance of mutual funds","authors":"K. Simons","doi":"10.2469/dig.v29.n2.493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2469/dig.v29.n2.493","url":null,"abstract":"Mutual funds are now the preferred way for individual investors and many institutions to participate in capital markets, and their popularity has increased demand for evaluations of fund performance. Many business publications now rank mutual funds according to their performance, and information services exist specifically for this purpose. There is no general agreement, however, about how best to measure and compare fund performance and on what information funds should disclose to investors. ; Risk and performance measurement is an active area for academic research and continues to be of vital interest to investors who need to make informed decisions and to mutual fund managers whose compensation is tied to performance. This article describes a number of performance measures. Their common feature is that they all measure funds' returns relative to risk, However, they differ in how they define and measure risk and, consequently, in how they define risk-adjusted performance. The author also compares rankings of a large sample of funds using two popular measures for both stock and bond funds during the three-year period between 1995-1997.","PeriodicalId":239055,"journal":{"name":"New England Economic Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129742012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Globalization and U.S. Inflation","authors":"Geoffrey M. B. Tootell","doi":"10.4324/9780429270949-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429270949-43","url":null,"abstract":"Estimates of the Phillips curve suggest that the low level of unemployment over the last few years should have produced a fairly significant increase in the rate of inflation, yet inflation has continued to fall. Some take this occurrence as evidence that the NAIRU has declined. Others argue that social factors, such as recent movements of employee health coverage to health maintenance organizations have temporarily masked inflation. Perhaps the most widely cited explanation for the surprisingly good inflation performance of late concerns the increasing sensitivity of the U.S. economy to foreign economic conditions; specifically, many have argued that since capacity utilization abroad has been slack in recent years, U.S. inflation has remained mild. This study uses a variety of approaches to examine whether U.S. inflation depends on foreign, rather than domestic capacity constraints. The author shows that foreign capacity plays little, if any, role in the determination of U.S. inflation independent of any role it might play in the determination of U.S. capacity utilization. He cautions that anyone who believes in a world where we no longer need worry about domestic capacity constraints will eventually be rudely awakened by data that suggests otherwise. His results indicate that the Phillips curve, relating some measure of U.S. capacity to U.S. inflation, is alive, if ailing a bit, even as the world gets more integrated.","PeriodicalId":239055,"journal":{"name":"New England Economic Review","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131754050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is Inflation Dead?","authors":"R. Brinner","doi":"10.4324/9780429270949-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429270949-49","url":null,"abstract":"In the past few years the United States has enjoyed the unique economic duet of very low unemployment and declining price inflation. For decades, we have come to associate tight labor markets with accelerating wages and prices. But in 1997, the unemployment rate sank below 5 percent, and neither wage nor price inflation became a problem. Have our inflation processes fundamentally changed for the better? Are we in a new era of permanently better economic performance due to new behavior by our citizens? Or are we simply enjoying good luck in the form of positive supply shocks? A careful reading of the full inflation story reveals that nominal wage inflation has been subdued by exceptionally modest price inflation, according to the author. Real, or price-adjusted, wage inflation has been increasing in response to low unemployment, just as in past decades. Price inflation has been held down by a set of \"supply shocks,\" including a strong dollar, falling energy prices, and a cost-reducing regime shift in the healthcare industry. Inflation is not dead, and as supply shocks shift to neutral or worse, tight labor markets will create a traditional inflation problem.","PeriodicalId":239055,"journal":{"name":"New England Economic Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132269352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Failure in Risk Management","authors":"R. Kimball","doi":"10.1002/9781119198536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119198536","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":239055,"journal":{"name":"New England Economic Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133386611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forecasting cyclical turning points: the record in the past three recessions","authors":"Stephen K. McNees","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781139173735.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173735.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":239055,"journal":{"name":"New England Economic Review","volume":"390 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116523103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}