S. Honey, Asim Jamil, S. Aisida, I. Ahmad, Tingkai Zhao, Maaza Malek
{"title":"Ion Implantation in Metal Nanowires","authors":"S. Honey, Asim Jamil, S. Aisida, I. Ahmad, Tingkai Zhao, Maaza Malek","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92328","url":null,"abstract":"Ion implantation-induced materials modifications are the recent scope of research. A detailed recent experimental research on the effect of low- and high-energy ions implantation-induced morphological and structural changes in metal nanowires (MNWs) is being presented in this chapter. These morphological and structural changes in metal nanowires are discussed on the basis of collision cascade effects and ion beam-induced heats produced along the ion tracks. Various techni-cal aspects of implantation of low energy ions in MNWs, their advantages, and drawbacks are also discussed in this chapter. Furthermore, detailed overview of implantations of ions in MNWs is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":237075,"journal":{"name":"Ion Beam Techniques and Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128458450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iram Mahmood, S. Khan, W. Akram, R. Obodo, T. Mehmood, I. Ahmad, Tingkai Zhao
{"title":"Investigation of Toxic Metals in the Tobacco of Pakistani Cigarettes Using Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission","authors":"Iram Mahmood, S. Khan, W. Akram, R. Obodo, T. Mehmood, I. Ahmad, Tingkai Zhao","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.84723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84723","url":null,"abstract":"A particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) study has been carried out to find out whether available local and imported cigarette brands in Pakistan have elevated concentration of metals or not. The results are compared within the brands examined in this study and with the results of related studies in literature. A sum of 19 different cigarette brands was purchased randomly from different Pakistani markets which included local and imported brands. The concentration of elements like Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Co was investigated. Results showed that different cigarette brands have different metal contents. The mean concentration of the heavy metals is Cd—4.92 μ g/g, Co—0.12 μ g/g, Cu—0.97 μ g/g, Ni—0.13 μ g/g, Pb—1.02 μ g/g, and Zn—12.91 μ g/g per dry weight. Compared with the reported results of other international studies, Pakistani cigarettes are observed to have lower heavy metal contents except for cadmium which was higher. This study will provide adequate data for all concerned depart-ments. This study will also create awareness among people about the toxicity of metals present in tobacco of cigarettes.","PeriodicalId":237075,"journal":{"name":"Ion Beam Techniques and Applications","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128074973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reaction between Energy Particle Ion Beam with Carbon Nanotube","authors":"Qintao Li, Z. Ni, S. Honey","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85529","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted considerable attention due to their high aspect ratio, whisker-like form for best possible geometrical field enhancement, high electrical conductivity, and extraordinary thermal stability. Ion beam technology is a potential technique for controlled construction of CNTs. During collision with energetic ions, carbon atom of CNTs can get an adequate amount of energy to escape from the graphite lattice and produce a large number of defects. These defects are advantageous for adding some new functional groups and nanoparticles to modify CNTs. Meanwhile, the structure and atoms in the region of the defects can be rearranged and changed into amorphous structure, onion structure, and so on. These defects also can be used to form the junctions of CNTs and realize welding of CNTs and network formation of amorphous carbon nanowires.","PeriodicalId":237075,"journal":{"name":"Ion Beam Techniques and Applications","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128186978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Roldán, P. Galán, F. Sánchez, I. García-Cortés, D. Jiménez-Rey, P. Fernández
{"title":"Ion Beam Experiments to Emulate Nuclear Fusion Environment on Structural Materials at CMAM","authors":"M. Roldán, P. Galán, F. Sánchez, I. García-Cortés, D. Jiménez-Rey, P. Fernández","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.87054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.87054","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major problems not only in nuclear fusion but in all the fields that have to face irradiation damage is to predict the microstructural evolution of all the features that are involved in the good response of the material. In the case of nuclear fusion, it is well known that structural materials that will be a fundamental piece in the future reactor must withstand severe neutron irradiation damage, high temperatures, and cyclic stresses which will result in a reduction of the lifetime of the component. For that reason, a big effort is being done for the scientific community in order to understand the complex mechanisms that lie in the relationship between irradiation damage, microstructure, temperature, stresses, etc. However, neutron irradiation brings inherently transmutation and nuclear activation, which makes extremely hard to study those samples. Therefore, the scientific community is using since long time ago ion beam facilities to emulate the neutron damage, without the worst inconvenience. In this chapter, the authors described briefly the facility located at Centro de MicroAnálisis de Materiales (CMAM), Madrid, and presented afterward some examples of experiments that Spanish Nuclear Fusion Laboratory at CIEMAT has been carrying out related to this matter.","PeriodicalId":237075,"journal":{"name":"Ion Beam Techniques and Applications","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130070395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modification of Physical and Chemical Properties of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) by Ion Implantation for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells","authors":"H. Siddiqui","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83566","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, ion implantation is used as a leading technique for doping. Inspite of generating lattice distortions it is preferred over other techniques due to its large range of doses, extremely accurate dose control and low temperature process. This chapter deals with the modification of physical-chemical properties of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) through ion implantation method. The TiO 2 material is tested in many fields, e.g., nano-catalysts, light harvesting, magnetic data storage and Optics. Various synthesis routes have been reported for the preparation of TiO 2 nano-micro structures (particulate solids). Further, implanting these particulate solids revealed anisotropic ferromagnetism at room temperature. On the other hand, noble ion implantation opens up the horizon for fabrication of plasmonic and optical composites. Here in this chapter, TiO 2 based photoanodes have been extensively examined for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) with metallic and non-metallic ion implantation to realize TiO 2 with specific properties.","PeriodicalId":237075,"journal":{"name":"Ion Beam Techniques and Applications","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114220706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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