{"title":"Dark Side of Incentives: Evidence From a Randomized Control Trial in Uganda","authors":"Dagmara Celik Katreniak","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3288474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3288474","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout our lives, we are routinely offered different incentives as a way to motivate us. Many researchers have studied the effects of incentives on people’s performance. There can also be important psychological outcomes in terms of stress and happiness. The current paper contributes to the literature by explicitly accounting for this performance-versus-well-being trade-off introduced by incentives. I implement two types of social comparative feedback regimes, within and across-class group comparisons, and two types of incentive regimes, financial and reputation rewards. The results show that rewards can improve performance up to 0.28 standard deviations, but at a cost of higher stress and lower happiness, whereas comparative feedback alone (without rewards) increases performance only mildly, by 0.09 to 0.13 standard deviations, but without impact on student’s stress and happiness. More stressed students exert less effort, perform worse and are absent by 29 percent more compared to those who are stressed minimally. The results also help to identify gender-specific responses to incentives. While boys strongly react to rewards, girls do so only if they are also provided with feedback. Final contribution comes from a rich dataset of more than 5000 primary and secondary school students in Uganda, who were repeatedly tested and interviewed over one academic year.","PeriodicalId":236997,"journal":{"name":"EduRN: Psychology (Topic)","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121020344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Darío Maldonado, Catalina Latorre Santos, Darwin F. Cortes, J. Gallego, M. Ortegon
{"title":"On the Design of Education Conditional Cash Transfer Programs and Non-Education Outcomes: The Case of Teenage Pregnancy","authors":"Darío Maldonado, Catalina Latorre Santos, Darwin F. Cortes, J. Gallego, M. Ortegon","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3170961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3170961","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the effect of education Conditional Cash Transfer programs (CCTs) on teenage pregnancy. Our main concern is with how the size and sign of the effect may depend on the design of the program. Using a simple model we show that an education CCT that conditions renewal on school performance reduces teenage pregnancy; the program can increase teenage pregnancy if it does not condition on school performance. Then, using an original data base, we estimate the causal impact on teenage pregnancy of two education CCTs implemented in Bogot ́a (Subsidio Educativo, SE, and Familias en Acci ́on, FA); both programs differ particularly on whether school success is a condition for renewal or not. We show that SE has negative average effect on teenage pregnancy while FA has a null average effect. We also find that SE has either null or no effect for adolescents in all age and grade groups while FA has positive, null or negative effects for adolescents in different age and grade groups. Since SE conditions renewal on school success and FA does not, we can argue that the empirical results are consistent with the predictions of our model and that conditioning renewal of the subsidy on school success crucially determines the effect of the subsidy on teenage pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":236997,"journal":{"name":"EduRN: Psychology (Topic)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129803021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}