{"title":"The Heart of the City: Creating Vibrant Downtowns for a New Century","authors":"Alexander Garvin","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":232151,"journal":{"name":"The Heart of the City","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115722464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Where Is Downtown?","authors":"Alexander Garvin","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_2","url":null,"abstract":"Downtowns are not finite objects, nor do they remain in place. They grow and shrink, spread and contract, and move around. The changing composition of their economic base induces those changes, as do their changing populations. Therefore, to understand how and why downtowns are ever-changing, one must first understand the basis of their locations and the ways in which a location is connected to the metropolitan area it serves.","PeriodicalId":232151,"journal":{"name":"The Heart of the City","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114786844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lessons for Any Downtown","authors":"Alexander Garvin","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_6","url":null,"abstract":"Many 20th-century urban experts believed cities, and down-towns in particular, were obsolete. Their prescriptions for preventing them from withering away included redevelopment and reorganization in order to transform (presumably) obsolete downtowns into efficiently operating, modern districts; adding facilities designed to attract new customers whose spending would spill over into the rest of the city; or retrofitting the public realm to accommodate additional motor vehicles that would bring the goods, services, businesses, and people needed for continuing growth. However, each of these strategies was fundamentally flawed, because each one assumed that some particular end state would be the right means for achieving a properly functioning downtown.","PeriodicalId":232151,"journal":{"name":"The Heart of the City","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124804179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emerging 21st-Century Downtowns","authors":"Alexander Garvin","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_7","url":null,"abstract":"In the past two decades, New York, Dallas, Los Angeles, Cincinnati, and Boston have initiated projects that demonstrate effective strategies for creating vibrant 21st-century downtowns. Their activities provide a model for activists seeking to improve their own downtowns. Each venture responded to changes in demand by enabling development of vacant and underused properties, providing public transit to a growing market, identifying developers to transform such properties into attractions for that market, providing more accessible financing, investing in the improvements to the public realm, creating new cultural institutions and improving existing institutions, and encouraging development of new and rehabilitated housing and retail stores. It is worth looking at each project in greater depth to understand what worked and what didn’t.","PeriodicalId":232151,"journal":{"name":"The Heart of the City","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121272896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Creating Vibrant Downtowns for a New Generation","authors":"Alexander Garvin","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_8","url":null,"abstract":"In most cities, downtowns are the primary economic engine, repository of knowledge and culture, and generator of new ideas, new technology, and new ventures. They are the very heart of the city. Thus, when its downtown is healthy and vibrant, the entire city benefits; when its downtown is not doing well, the entire city suffers.","PeriodicalId":232151,"journal":{"name":"The Heart of the City","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114799600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"People Who Are Changing Downtown","authors":"Alexander Garvin","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_4","url":null,"abstract":"Downtowns are changed by the people who live, work, and play in them along with the organizations they belong to and the public agencies that provide them with services. They include residents, workers, tourists, businesses (that are headquartered or operate downtown), retailers (local and national chains, as well as international companies), property owners, government agencies, cultural and educational institutions, hospitals, entertainment companies, sports clubs, restaurants, nonprofit institutions, interest groups, residents, and so on. The list is as extensive and complex as the downtowns themselves. So it is important to know who they are and how and why they keep changing downtown America.","PeriodicalId":232151,"journal":{"name":"The Heart of the City","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133058778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What Is Downtown?","authors":"Alexander Garvin","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_1","url":null,"abstract":"Downtown is a uniquely American word, born in early-19th-century New York City, when the city’s population (confined to the area south of what is now Chambers Street) had just surpassed 200,000.1 Those who lived north of Chambers Street began saying they were going downtown (meaning south) when they went to work, shop, or do business and uptown (meaning north) when they returned home.","PeriodicalId":232151,"journal":{"name":"The Heart of the City","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133355020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Organizations That Are Changing Downtown","authors":"Alexander Garvin","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_5","url":null,"abstract":"Downtown activists often do not have the money, power, or responsibility they need to make desired changes downtown. Consequently, they may create an independent organization, depend on an existing institution, or rely on government to achieve their objectives.","PeriodicalId":232151,"journal":{"name":"The Heart of the City","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132497144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How and Why Downtown America Is Changing","authors":"Alexander Garvin","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_3","url":null,"abstract":"America’s suburban population increased dramatically between 1945, when suburban residents represented 13 percent of the population, and 1960, when suburbanites represented 33 percent of the country’s population.1 One reason for the shift was that many people were attracted by the availability of suburban residences that were larger and cheaper and included a yard. They could purchase a new house or desirable existing residence with a Federal Housing Administration (FHA)-insured, long-term, low-interest, self-amortizing mortgage. That was one reason that home ownership in America rose from 44 percent in 1940 to 62 percent in 1960.2","PeriodicalId":232151,"journal":{"name":"The Heart of the City","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126824362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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