Emerging Challenges in Filovirus Infections最新文献

Introductory Chapter: Emerging Challenges in Filovirus Control 导论章:线状病毒控制的新挑战

Emerging Challenges in Filovirus Infections Pub Date : 2020-02-12 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90653

S. Okware

{"title":"Introductory Chapter: Emerging Challenges in Filovirus Control","authors":"S. Okware","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90653","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious diseases in history have made a significant contribution to morbidity and mortality as well as disability worldwide. Nearly a quarter of the estimated 60 million reported deaths in the world each year are related to infectious diseases [1]. The influenza outbreak of 1918–1919 was the worst such incident in living memory during which nearly 40 million people died worldwide. The unprecedented Black Death plague outbreak in the mid 1300 equally killed millions of people. Filoviruses as emerging infections appear to be on the same path, with an ever-increasing significant global impact on public health, human traffic and commerce. The recent West African Ebola outbreak which affected 10 countries in West Africa, Europe and the USA has demonstrated its capacity to be a global threat with profound psychological, emotional and mental repercussions. Its highly virulent nature over the years and the recent West African Ebola outbreak generated considerable panic and unprecedented global public health emergency [2]. Filoviruses are comprised of the Marburg and Ebola viruses. Since the discovery of the Marburg virus disease in the 1967, and the Ebola virus disease in 1976, over 50 filovirus disease outbreaks due to Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus have occurred. Some 37 Ebola virus disease and 14 Marburg virus disease outbreaks occurred mostly in Africa. The recent 2013–2016 outbreak in West Africa was so far the largest and most devastating. At the end of the epidemic, about 28,000 cases and 11,000 deaths were recorded. The case fatality for both viruses is very high (34–90%). There is yet no known cure. Since July 2018, the second largest EBOV outbreak is devastating Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo with over 1600 cases and 1000 deaths reported by October 2019 [3]. New data from the West African epidemic suggests an expansion of our understanding on ecology and geographical scope of these viruses. The pattern of occurrence and its negative impact on the economy, society and development is emerging.","PeriodicalId":231756,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Challenges in Filovirus Infections","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131096986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Emerging Challenges in Transmission and Detection of Filovirus Infections in Developing Countries 发展中国家在丝状病毒感染传播和检测方面的新挑战

Emerging Challenges in Filovirus Infections Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90801

S. Okware

{"title":"The Emerging Challenges in Transmission and Detection of Filovirus Infections in Developing Countries","authors":"S. Okware","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90801","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the emerging challenges in the transmission and detection of Ebola and Marburg filoviruses since their identification in 1967 and 1976, respectively. Five known highly fatal Ebola species are examined. Ebola outbreaks comprising of 14 EBOV, 7 SUDV, and 4 BDBV infections are reviewed, including the largest West African Ebola outbreak. The ecology of filoviruses and the possible interactions with intermediate hosts and reservoirs is also examined. Evidence that bats are the principal reservoirs of these infections is reviewed. Surveys raise the possibility that other nonhuman primates including dogs may be involved. Challenges on the presumed modes of transmission are discussed with a possibility of droplet and aerosol routes. The discovery of Ebola virus in pigs and its potential impact on the food chain are discussed. The WHO Syndrome Case definition guide-lines for diagnosis are examined and shortcomings discussed. However, the early case detection is undermined by the many tropical diseases with similar symptoms. The low positive predictive value for diagnosis based on the antibody antigen assays in outbreaks complicates early isolation and action especially in resource con-strained settings. The chapter suggests improvements and areas for further research on the ecology, transmission, and management of filovirus infections.","PeriodicalId":231756,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Challenges in Filovirus Infections","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126377274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Essay on the Elusive Natural History of Ebola Viruses 关于埃博拉病毒难以捉摸的自然史的文章

Emerging Challenges in Filovirus Infections Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.88879

J. Gonzalez, M. Souris, M. Sylla, F. Veas, T. Vincent

{"title":"Essay on the Elusive Natural History of Ebola Viruses","authors":"J. Gonzalez, M. Souris, M. Sylla, F. Veas, T. Vincent","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.88879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88879","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents a review of what is known about the natural history of the Ebolaviruses in Central and West Africa as well as in the Philippines. All the previous hypotheses on the natural cycle of Ebolavirus are revisited. Also, the main factors driving the virus natural cycle are summarized for the different ecosystems where the Ebolavirus is known to have emerged, including the virus species, the date of emergence, the seasonality, the environmental features, as well as the potential risk and associated factors of emergence. The proposed hypothesis of the Ebolavirus natural cycle prevails an inter-species spillover involving several vertebrate hosts, as well as biotic and abiotic changing environmental factors among other original features of a complex natural cycle. It is also compared with other virus having such type of cycle involving chiropteran as potential reservoir and vector and presenting such original inter-outbreak epidemiological silences. Ultimately, these observations and hypotheses on Ebolavirus natural cycles give some insight into the potential drivers of virus emergence, host co-evolution, and a spatiotemporal dimension of risk leading to identify high risk areas for preventing emerging events and be prepared for an early response.","PeriodicalId":231756,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Challenges in Filovirus Infections","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122178508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Molecular Diagnostics of Ebola Patient Samples by Institut Pasteur de Dakar Mobile Laboratory in Guinea 2014–2016 2014-2016年达喀尔巴斯德研究所流动实验室对几内亚埃博拉患者样本的分子诊断

Emerging Challenges in Filovirus Infections Pub Date : 2019-09-27 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.88263

O. Faye, C. Diagne, A. Diallo, E. Meyer, B. Soropogui, G. Fall, C. Fall, N. Magassouba, L. Koivogui, S. Keita, C. Loucoubar, M. Diop, M. Weidmann, O. Faye, A. Sall

{"title":"Molecular Diagnostics of Ebola Patient Samples by Institut Pasteur de Dakar Mobile Laboratory in Guinea 2014–2016","authors":"O. Faye, C. Diagne, A. Diallo, E. Meyer, B. Soropogui, G. Fall, C. Fall, N. Magassouba, L. Koivogui, S. Keita, C. Loucoubar, M. Diop, M. Weidmann, O. Faye, A. Sall","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.88263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88263","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the laboratory response to the Ebola virus outbreak in Guinea, the Institut Pasteur de Dakar mobile laboratory (IPD-ML) was set up in Donka hospital from 2014 to 2016. EBOV suspected samples collected at Ebola Treatment Centers (ETC) and from community deaths were sent daily to IPD-ML. Analysis was performed using dried oligonucleotide mixes for real-time RT-PCR designed for field diagnostic. From March 2014 to May 2015, a total of 6055 patient samples suspected for EBOV collected from seven regions of Guinea were tested by real-time RT-PCR. These patients’ clinical included serum samples (n = 2537 samples) and swabs (n = 3518 samples) with positivity rates of 36.74 and 6.88% respectively. Females were significantly more affected than males with positivity rates of 22.39 and 17.22% respectively (p-value = 5.721e-7). All age groups were exposed to the virus with significant difference (p-value <= 2.2e-16). The IPD-ML contributed significantly to the surveillance and patient management during the EBOV outbreak in Guinea. Furthermore, dried reagents adapted for field diagnostic of EVD suspect cases could be useful for future outbreak preparedness and response.","PeriodicalId":231756,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Challenges in Filovirus Infections","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133830096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maternal Filovirus Infection and Death from Marburg and Ravn Viruses: Highly Lethal to Pregnant Women and Their Fetuses Similar to Ebola Virus 马尔堡病毒和拉文病毒引起的母体丝状病毒感染和死亡:与埃博拉病毒相似，对孕妇及其胎儿具有高度致命性

Emerging Challenges in Filovirus Infections Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88270

D. Schwartz

引用次数: 13

Interaction of Ebola Virus with the Innate Immune System 埃博拉病毒与先天免疫系统的相互作用

Emerging Challenges in Filovirus Infections Pub Date : 2019-06-19 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86749

Felix He, K. Melén, L. Kakkola, I. Julkunen

引用次数: 1