Austin Journal of Autism & Related Disabilities最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Visual Impairment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Mini Review","authors":"Amin N, Arshad M","doi":"10.26420/austinjautismrelatdisabil.2023.1063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjautismrelatdisabil.2023.1063","url":null,"abstract":"The association between Visual Impairment (VI) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) remains an important research topic among children suffering from developmental delays and disabilities. The objective of this mini review was to evaluate previous literature on prevalence and etiology of visual impairment, frequency of visual impairment and types of refractive errors associated with autism in children. Previous researches on ASD found that the visual impairment is one of the major factors in autistic children. Hence measurement of vision screening in autism disorder is necessary for better explanation of the problem. The etiologies of visual impairment in autistic children were associated with refractive error and strabismus. Identification of refractive error in ASD children and providing them suitable corrective lenses may improve their visual functions and help in their daily activities. With these findings in mind, there is an urgent need to investigate further in this area and developed more detailed research. The findings would help optometrist, ophthalmologist in understanding types of visual impairment in autism school children.","PeriodicalId":231718,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Autism & Related Disabilities","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140962703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Review of COVID-19: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management","authors":"Anusha S, Dasaradharami Reddy K, Ashalatha N","doi":"10.26420/austinjautismrelatdisabil.2024.1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjautismrelatdisabil.2024.1069","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, can lead to a wide range of symptoms, varying from mild to severe. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Other symptoms may include fatigue, muscle or body aches, headache, loss of taste or smell, sore throat, congestion or runny nose, nausea or vomiting, and diarrhea. Some individuals may also experience more severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain or pressure, confusion, inability to stay awake, and bluish lips or face, which require immediate medical attention. It’s important to note that symptoms can appear 2-14 days after exposure to the virus, and some individuals may remain asymptomatic carriers. If you suspect you have COVID-19 or have been exposed to the virus, it’s crucial to seek medical advice and follow public health guidelines to prevent the spread of the virus. COVID-19 diagnosis involves identifying the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through various methods such as RT-PCR testing, antigen testing, antibody testing, and imaging techniques such as chest X-rays and CT scans. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management and control of the disease. Rapid and widespread testing, along with proper isolation and contact tracing, are essential for containing the spread of the virus. COVID-19 management involves a multifaceted approach, including vaccination, testing, contact tracing, and public health measures such as mask-wearing and social distancing. Treatment focuses on supportive care and, in some cases, antiviral medications. On-going research is crucial for developing effective strategies to control the spread of the virus and mitigate its impact on public health.","PeriodicalId":231718,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Autism & Related Disabilities","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Review of COVID-19: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management","authors":"Anusha S, Dasaradharami Reddy K, Ashalatha N","doi":"10.26420/austinjautismrelatdisabil.2024.1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjautismrelatdisabil.2024.1069","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, can lead to a wide range of symptoms, varying from mild to severe. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Other symptoms may include fatigue, muscle or body aches, headache, loss of taste or smell, sore throat, congestion or runny nose, nausea or vomiting, and diarrhea. Some individuals may also experience more severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain or pressure, confusion, inability to stay awake, and bluish lips or face, which require immediate medical attention. It’s important to note that symptoms can appear 2-14 days after exposure to the virus, and some individuals may remain asymptomatic carriers. If you suspect you have COVID-19 or have been exposed to the virus, it’s crucial to seek medical advice and follow public health guidelines to prevent the spread of the virus. COVID-19 diagnosis involves identifying the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through various methods such as RT-PCR testing, antigen testing, antibody testing, and imaging techniques such as chest X-rays and CT scans. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management and control of the disease. Rapid and widespread testing, along with proper isolation and contact tracing, are essential for containing the spread of the virus. COVID-19 management involves a multifaceted approach, including vaccination, testing, contact tracing, and public health measures such as mask-wearing and social distancing. Treatment focuses on supportive care and, in some cases, antiviral medications. On-going research is crucial for developing effective strategies to control the spread of the virus and mitigate its impact on public health.","PeriodicalId":231718,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Autism & Related Disabilities","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Behavior and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Differential Analysis of Demands and Needs With Neurotypical People","authors":"Manoel Baña Castro, Luisa Losada Puente","doi":"10.26420/austinjautismrelatdisabil.2023.1062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjautismrelatdisabil.2023.1062","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of adaptive behaviors in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder are usually frequent. Generally, they are confused with the same disorders but, in reality, they occur as dysfunctional communications as a result of a lack of understanding in the environments and daily realities of these people, which explains many of their demands and needs. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the conceptualization and evaluation of adaptive behavior, as well as attention to behavioral disorders, increasingly evident in educational and experiential environments. This new situation greatly affects children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), so the educational community (and society in general) must offer responses to these needs and demands of both children ASD as well as those of their peers instead of creating warning signs and relating these difficulties to characteristics determined by the disorder itself. There are many families and education professionals who manifest their lack of training and knowledge about the needs and demands of these people, which greatly hinders their full inclusion in their education and life, generating frame works of co-existence that are difficult to accept for some and other people. Methods: A quasi-experimental study, with a retrospective cross-sectional design, is carried out by analyzing 209 subjects from Galicia (n=111 subjects with ASD and n=98 neurotypicals) to whom the ICAP Adaptive Behavior assessment test was applied between 2016 and 2021. Results: The skills of the participating subjects, evaluated through the ICAP, indicate risk factors in the regression analysis insofar as it affects the four dimensions evaluated between the two samples of people with ASD and without ASD. The identified risk factors are related to young age (OR=2.27, 95% CI=1.30-3.96) and being male (OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.41-4.68) relating them to the development of motor skills (OR=2.34, 95% CI=1.07-5.11), social and communication skills (OR=14.70, 95% CI=5.73-37.7), personal life skills (OR=3.93, 95% CI=1.73-8.92) and community living skills (OR=9.87, 95% CI=3.99-24.42). Conclusions: It is evident that disorders affect the development of adaptive behavior, it is not a matter of observing this relationship today, but it is about determining the needs and demands for support, being rigorous and making the right decisions for its development in the best way Possible. In this study, the impact on the development of communication and social skills of this disorder","PeriodicalId":231718,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Autism & Related Disabilities","volume":"58 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123426027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of the Epidemiological Factors and Burden of Autism Spectrum Disorders Worldwide and in China","authors":"H. Y., Aina Qu, Muhammad S, Zou My, Wu Lj","doi":"10.26420/austinjautismrelatdisabil.2023.1061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjautismrelatdisabil.2023.1061","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The goal of this study is to compare the trends and variations in the burden of autism globally and in China by year, age, gender, region, and the correlations with socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral factors, using disability-adjusted life years. Methods: The prevalence and DALYs of ASD from 1990 to 2019 were used in our analysis of the burden of ASD. Global and national epidemiological data were gathered from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study database. Using linear regression, the correlations between the age-standardized DALYs rate and socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral factors were assessed. Results: The DALYs numbers due to ASD increased by 39% globally and 14% in China respectively from 1990 to 2019. The global ASD peak age for both males and females is 5 years old, with multiple peaks of increasing trends observed in China for both genders at the ages of 5,30, and 50 years. Males have 3-4 times the DALYs, incidence, and prevalence as females. In 2019, China had the highest DALYs numbers, while the United Kingdom had the highest age-standardized DALYs rate. The impact of ASD on health varied substantially across countries. The age-standardized DALYs were strongly related to socioeconomic factors (GDP per capita, R²=0.305; HDI, R²=0.287; Health expenditure (% of GDP), R²=0.088; p<0.05). The age-standardized DALYs rate related to ASD was positively correlated with per capita alcohol intake, adversely correlated with PM2.5, and insignificantly correlated with tobacco use prevalence. Conclusion: Over the last 30 years, the health impact of ASD has steadily risen. It caused significant health loss, particularly for preschool children in households with a drinking habit from a higher socioeconomic level country.","PeriodicalId":231718,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Autism &amp; Related Disabilities","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127822322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Preliminary Survey of Pediatric Feeding Experience and Practices among Behavior Analysts","authors":"Clark Rj, Wilder Da, Lesser Ad","doi":"10.26420/austinjautismrelatdisabil.2023.1060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjautismrelatdisabil.2023.1060","url":null,"abstract":"We surveyed Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBAs®) about their experiences with pediatric feeding problems. Results show that the most common forms of inappropriate mealtime behavior with which behavior analysts have worked are passive refusal, head turns, and elopement from the feeding area. The most common intervention techniques used by BCBA®s when working with feeding problems are shaping and graduated guidance. BCBAs® work most often with occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists when providing feeding-related services. We conclude by providing recommendations to equip behavior analysts to better manage feeding cases.","PeriodicalId":231718,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Autism &amp; Related Disabilities","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127889411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders in Chinese Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Hong Kong","authors":"Luk Js, Tang Cp, Yu Yw","doi":"10.26420/austinjautismrelatdisabil.2022.1059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjautismrelatdisabil.2022.1059","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder. Children with ASD are faced with various challenges considering their lifelong neurodevelopmental disabilities. Comorbid psychiatric disorders are found to be prevalent among children with ASD. Anxiety disorders are one of the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidities in this population and have been associated with debilitating psychosocial impairment. Objective: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorders among Chinese school-age children diagnosed with ASD in a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic in Hong Kong. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Yaumatei Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service specialist outpatient clinic from August 2019 to April 2020. The sample consisted of one hundred thirty-two subjects aged 6 to <12 years who were diagnosed with ASD. The Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview were administered to confirm the diagnosis of ASD. The National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Version 5, parent version was administered for the assessment of comorbid anxiety disorders. Results: The one-year prevalence rate of any anxiety disorder was 28.8%. The most common anxiety disorder was specific phobia (22.7%), followed by social anxiety disorder (13.6%), separation anxiety disorder (3.8%), generalized anxiety disorder (3.8%) and selective mutism (1.5%). No subjects were diagnosed with panic disorder or agoraphobia. Conclusion: Anxiety disorders are prevalent among Chinese school-age children with ASD in Hong Kong. Early recognition and identification of comorbid anxiety disorders are necessary in the diagnostic process of ASD.","PeriodicalId":231718,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Autism &amp; Related Disabilities","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126642949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"B. Na","doi":"10.26420/austinjautismrelatdisabil.2022.1058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjautismrelatdisabil.2022.1058","url":null,"abstract":"NIMH [1] had described autism to be the foremost notable childhood developmental disorder. Ozonoff et al. [2] had stated a Greek word called autos as being self. According to Brasic [3], Landa [4], and National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) [5], ASD had been recognised in early childhood and characterized by qualitative abnormalities in social interactions, such as in communication, and repetitive behaviours, interests, and activities (RRBs). In 1943, Ozonoff et al. [2] had referred Leo Kanner at the John Hopkins University in Baltimore had reported autism as a specific set of behaviors contributing to different spectrums. Ozonoff et al. [2] had also found that he had diagnosed 11 children who had less interest in people, held on to their daily routines, and had shown unusual movements. They faced difficulties in learning and interacting with other people.","PeriodicalId":231718,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Autism &amp; Related Disabilities","volume":"318 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115350350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}