IRPN: Sociology of Science & Innovation (Topic)最新文献

How did the General Purpose Technology ’Internal Combustion Engine’ contribute to the Third Industrial Revolution: The Power Engines. 通用技术“内燃机”如何促进第三次工业革命:动力发动机?

IRPN: Sociology of Science & Innovation (Topic) Pub Date : 2021-05-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3852628

Bouke J.G. van der Kooij

{"title":"How did the General Purpose Technology ’Internal Combustion Engine’ contribute to the Third Industrial Revolution: The Power Engines.","authors":"Bouke J.G. van der Kooij","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3852628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3852628","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is about the internal combustion engine (ICE) becoming in the 1900-1950 period the driver of massive novelty. We apply the concept of the General Purpose Technology (GPT) of the late 1990s, a culmination of many evolutionary views in innovation-thinking. A GPT by definition considers the technical, social, and economic effects of meta-technologies like steam-technology and electric technology. Adding the construct of the General Purpose Engine (GPE), this paper uses Schumpeter’s concept of ’cluster on innovations’ and the Life Cycle concept to explore the development of the Internal Combustion Engine and create insight in the nature of the GPT-ICE.<br>Next we place the GPT-ICE in the broader context of industrialization and its revolutions. However, the concept of the Third Industrial Revolution as a period of economic transformation is rather vague. Some historians consider it in relation to the Information & Computing-technologies (ICT) and/or the Information/Digital Age. This contrasts with the First Industrial Revolution (1760-1850), being about the Power of Heat, and the Second Industrial Revolution (1850-1920), being about the Power of Lightning. What all theses developments have in common are the power-generation technologies (ie steam, electricity, ICE). We conclude that In the same perspective, seen from a technological point of view, the Third Industrial Revolution (1920-1950) is about the Power of Combustion (GPE-ICE).<br>","PeriodicalId":229449,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Sociology of Science & Innovation (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128643092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

US-China Strategic Competition on the Artificial Intelligence Frontier: A Comparative Approach 中美在人工智能前沿的战略竞争:比较方法

IRPN: Sociology of Science & Innovation (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3619381

Joy Nuga

{"title":"US-China Strategic Competition on the Artificial Intelligence Frontier: A Comparative Approach","authors":"Joy Nuga","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3619381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3619381","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) has become the most illustrious, yet enigmatic policy concern at the nexus between technology, business/economics, and geopolitical affairs. AI has become so vital in virtually these and many other field discussions that it is often situated at the core of many academic and foreign policy contentions, including those between the United States and China. The following capstone will use an assortment of previously published academic journal, statistical findings, and original theories inspired by AI private sector investors to answer the question, “to what degree is artificial intelligence a source of US-China strategic competition?”. In doing so, the capstone project will provide a detailed examination of the current status of competition between the US and China in artificial intelligence innovation and seek to debunk the hyperbolized rhetoric around the US-China “AI Cold War” through an original theory called the “AI Ecosystem Hypothesis”. By taking a comparative approach towards measuring innovation competitiveness in both countries, this capstone will also offer a fresh perspective on US-China strategic competition and the implications for world order (or lack thereof). Analyzing the state of geopolitical affairs between the United States and China through the lens of a technical benchmark such as ‘artificial intelligence innovation’ stands as a corrective to the over-politicized debate of US-China rivalries.<br>","PeriodicalId":229449,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Sociology of Science & Innovation (Topic)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126765596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low Cost 2 Station Industrial Automation Trainer 低成本2站工业自动化培训师

IRPN: Sociology of Science & Innovation (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-10-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3471693

Ronaldo B. Asuncion

引用次数: 1

Higher Integrability of the Gradient of Conformal Maps 保角映射梯度的高可积性

IRPN: Sociology of Science & Innovation (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-08-13 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2865592

Shatha S. Alhily

{"title":"Higher Integrability of the Gradient of Conformal Maps","authors":"Shatha S. Alhily","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2865592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2865592","url":null,"abstract":"Let φ be a conformal map from D⊂C onto a simply connected domain Ω, with its inverse ψ=φ^(-1): Ω→D. Brennan’s conjecture states that, for all such φ, ∬_D▒〖|φ^' |〗^(2-p) dxdy=∬_Ω▒〖|ψ^' |〗^p dxdy <∞, for 4/3 \u0000Also, we prove that if φ is an univalent function in D with |φ(z)| ≤ 1 for all z and φ(a) = b for some a,b ∈ D. Then the range of the pth-power integrable function in (1) can be extended depending on behaviour of self-conformal maps φ. We show a nice expansion of the range of integral mean I (r,φ^') of univalent function under the boundedness condition. Also, we prove that any holomorphic function on unit disk (|z| 0 in |z| < 1, generates a starlike function defined on the unit disk. For conformal self-maps φ of the unit disk, we study weight ecomposition operator C_α^(t/2) is defined as a mapping f→foφ. 〖(φ^')〗^b. We are interested in their boundedness property as operators acting in weighted Bergman spaces A_α^2,A_(α-1)^2. Our approach addresses how to generate two types of an holomorphic functions, one of them defined on the cardioid domain and other belongs to Hardy space H^((2nπ-θ)/nπ)(D), n∈N, depending on the range of angle θ, nπ","PeriodicalId":229449,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Sociology of Science & Innovation (Topic)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116194045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Assessment of Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) Text Mining Algorithms for Large Scale Mapping of Patent and Scientific Publication Documents 潜在语义分析(LSA)文本挖掘算法在专利和科学出版物大规模映射中的评价

IRPN: Sociology of Science & Innovation (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2096159

Bart van Looy, B. Baesens, Tom Magerman, K. Debackere

{"title":"Assessment of Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) Text Mining Algorithms for Large Scale Mapping of Patent and Scientific Publication Documents","authors":"Bart van Looy, B. Baesens, Tom Magerman, K. Debackere","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2096159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2096159","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we conduct a thorough assessment of the LSA text mining method and its options (preprocessing, weighting, …) to grasp similarities between patent documents and scientific publications to develop a new method to detect direct science-technology linkages - as this is instrumental for research on topics in innovation management, e.g. anticommons issues. We want to assess effectiveness (in terms of precision and recall) and derive best practices on weighting and dimensionality reduction for application on patent data. We use LSA to derive similarity from a large set of patent and scientific publication documents (88,248 patent documents and 948,432 scientific publications) based on 40 similarity measurement variants (four weighting schemas are combined with ten levels of dimensionality reduction and the cosine metric). A thorough validation is set up to compare the performance of those measure variants (expert validation of 300 combinations plus a control set of 30,000 patents). We do not find evidence for the claims of LSA to be superior to plain cosine measures or simple common term or co-occurrence based measures in our data; dimensionality reduction only seems to approach cosine measures applied on the full vector space. We propose the combination of two measures based on the number of common terms (weighted by the minimum of the number of terms of both documents and weighted by the maximum of the number of terms of both documents respectively) as a more robust method to detect similarity between patents and publications.","PeriodicalId":229449,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Sociology of Science & Innovation (Topic)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134153835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Prolific Inventors: Who are They and Where do They Locate? Evidence from a Five Countries US Patenting Data Set 多产的发明家:他们是谁，他们在哪里?来自五国美国专利数据集的证据

IRPN: Sociology of Science & Innovation (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-06-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1625743

C. Le Bas, Riad Bouklia-Hassane, Alexandre Cabagnols

{"title":"Prolific Inventors: Who are They and Where do They Locate? Evidence from a Five Countries US Patenting Data Set","authors":"C. Le Bas, Riad Bouklia-Hassane, Alexandre Cabagnols","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1625743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1625743","url":null,"abstract":"The prolific (serial) inventors set up the core of the paper. Prolific inventors tend to have a high productivity in terms of inventions (patents) having in general more economic value. The capacity to produce a lot of inventions (patents) is termed “prolificness”. We want to deepen our knowledge about the size of their population, some of their main characteristics, the factors that explain the number patents applied. We exploit a rich data set built onto information available released by the US Patent and Trade Mark Office (USPTO) for the five more important countries as far as technological activities are concerned: Great-Britain, France, USA, Germany, Japan over a long time period (1975-2002). We give insights upon the size of the population of prolific inventors and provide new information about some of their characteristics. We carry out an empirical study in order to explain the prolific inventor patents distribution. We suggest models for estimating the effects of the main variable explaining their productivity. Binomial regressions explaining the inventor productivity after controlling for patent duration and time concentration (among others factors) show that interfirm and international mobility and technological variety (at the inventor level) affects positively the inventor productivity. But there is simultaneity. The overall results suggest that the same factors impact positively productivity with no difference across countries (with exceptions).","PeriodicalId":229449,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Sociology of Science & Innovation (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121881565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16