PSN: Environmental Networks (Topic)最新文献

The Benevolence of Time, Sound Macroeconomic Environment and Governance Quality on the Duration of Sovereign Ratings Phases 时间仁慈、良好的宏观经济环境和治理质量对主权评级阶段持续时间的影响

PSN: Environmental Networks (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-02-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3376466

L. Agnello, Vítor Castro, Ricardo M. Sousa

{"title":"The Benevolence of Time, Sound Macroeconomic Environment and Governance Quality on the Duration of Sovereign Ratings Phases","authors":"L. Agnello, Vítor Castro, Ricardo M. Sousa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3376466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3376466","url":null,"abstract":"Using long-term sovereign ratings data for a panel of 130 countries over the last three decades, we rely on discrete-time Weibull models to investigate the duration and determinants of sovereign ratings phases. We find that the likelihood of the end of the 'speculative-grade' phase increases as time goes by (i.e. positive duration dependence), but the 'investment-grade' phase is not duration dependent. Thus, for sovereigns rated as speculative, the build-up of reputation as good borrowers is a gradual process, whereas the reputation of investment-grade sovereigns solidifies and remains unchanged as time passes. However, the length of both phases has proven to be significantly dependent on the country's economic conditions and the quality of governance. In particular, lower inflation, better economic performance and sounder fiscal policies shorten (prolong) the speculative- (investment-) grade phase. In addition, a better perception of the quality of public services and the ability of the government to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations help to reduce the duration of speculative-grade phases.","PeriodicalId":226209,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environmental Networks (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128367977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Greenpeace Alrededor del Mundo (Greenpeace Around the Word) 绿色和平组织(绿色和平组织)

PSN: Environmental Networks (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-08-25 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2830253

Luis Leonel Morin

引用次数: 0

Top-Down, Bottom-Up or In-Between: How Can a UNFCC Framework for Market-Based Approaches Ensure Environmental Integrity and Market Coherence? 自上而下、自下而上或介于两者之间:《联合国气候变化框架公约》基于市场方法的框架如何确保环境完整性和市场一致性?

PSN: Environmental Networks (Topic) Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2135487

Joelle de Sepibus, W. Sterk, A. Tuerk

{"title":"Top-Down, Bottom-Up or In-Between: How Can a UNFCC Framework for Market-Based Approaches Ensure Environmental Integrity and Market Coherence?","authors":"Joelle de Sepibus, W. Sterk, A. Tuerk","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2135487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2135487","url":null,"abstract":"The Durban Climate Conference agreed on the creation of a new market-based mechanism under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and to consider the establishment of an overall framework for various mitigation approaches, including opportunities for using markets (“Framework”). This development is taking place against the background of increasing numbers of parties developing market mechanisms outside the UNFCCC. The creation of such a Framework is therefore of high political significance, as it should ensure on the one hand that new market-based mechanisms contribute to global climate change mitigation and to achievement of targets and on the other hand that different market-based approaches can be integrated in a global carbon market. As there is yet little clarity as to the roles and design of such a framework. This paper contributes to the debate by discussing and evaluating inter alia several design options, ranging from decentralised to centralised. The paper concludes that a strong central oversight at the level of the UNFCCC is probably the only option that could comfortably assure the vast majority of UNFCCC Parties that the environmental integrity of new market-based mechanisms is in fact ensured.","PeriodicalId":226209,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Environmental Networks (Topic)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131342674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Constitutionalising Secondary Rules in Global Environmental Regimes: Non-Compliance Procedures and the Enforcement of Multilateral Environmental Agreements 全球环境制度中次要规则的构成:不遵守程序和多边环境协定的执行

PSN: Environmental Networks (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/JEL/EQR022

Antonio Cardesa-Salzmann

引用次数: 30

Robust Incentives and the Design of a Climate Change Governance Regime 强有力的激励机制与气候变化治理机制的设计

PSN: Environmental Networks (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-02-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1559484

G. Nemet

引用次数: 32