{"title":"El Worship","authors":"T. J. Lewis","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190072544.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190072544.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter Four considers the worship of El, the deity who appears in the name of the eponymous ancestor Israel. Sociologically, the concepts here are those of ancestral traditions, the so-called “God of the Fathers,” and family religion—standing apart from the religion of a centralized state and a hierarchical priestly cult. Each of the various “El” traditions are discussed in detail: El Berith, El Elyon, El Roi, El Olam, El Bethel, and the most famous, El Shadday. Key functions of El traditions are highlighted: El as father, divine kinsman, and benevolent protector as well as El’s role as the head of a mythological divine council. The chapter explores whether El was the original god of Israel, including associations with exodus traditions.","PeriodicalId":225236,"journal":{"name":"The Origin and Character of God","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133291940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Methodology","authors":"T. J. Lewis","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190072544.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190072544.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Articulating a thoughtful methodology is desideratum, for today’s analyses of Israelite religion (indeed, of the academic study of religion in general) are dramatically different than those of past generations. This chapter articulates the academic disciplines required for the task at hand: textual studies (including epigraphy, linguistics and comparative Semitics), archaeology, art history, the philosophy of religion, and various social-scientific approaches (e.g. socio-linguistics, gender, ethnicity, ritual performance, spatial theory). The categories of “religion” and “Israelite” are probed. Particular attention is then devoted to the nature of our source material including (a) textual sources (e.g. epigraphy, onomastica, the Hebrew Bible) and source-criticism of the Hebrew Bible; (b) the nature of the archaeological record, and (c) the use of comparative ancient Near Eastern materials.","PeriodicalId":225236,"journal":{"name":"The Origin and Character of God","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129325072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"T. J. Lewis","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190072544.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190072544.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter Eleven briefly articulates the contents of the core chapters. The volume was intentional in restricting its treatment of divinity to El and Yahweh—with minimal coverage of female divinity, the plurality of divinity and the preternatural (angelic and demonic)—for pragmatic reasons. These topics, especially Levantine goddesses, deserve full scale treatments. To illustrate this (as an apology), Chapter Eleven has a lengthy excursus detailing what a full treatment of just a single goddess (ʿAštart = Astarte) would entail using the same parameters espoused in the current volume (e.g. text, iconography, ancient Near Eastern comparanda).\u0000The volume concludes with comments about how humans (modern and ancient alike) privilege certain divine attributes in their conceptualizations of divinity. Yet overall, ancient Israel’s wedded traditions argue that God cannot be reduced to a single attribute, a single explanation. God’s traits do not sit in isolation from one another. They are holistic and integrated.","PeriodicalId":225236,"journal":{"name":"The Origin and Character of God","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128139539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introductory Matters","authors":"Theodore J. Lewis","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190072544.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190072544.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter One articulates what is entailed in writing a comprehensive work on ancient Israelite religion. After surveying the massive nature of the task, it describes the scope of the present work. The concept of divinity is chosen as an organizing principle.\u0000The contents of the following ten chapters are then described in brief. These include: (2) the history of scholarship on ancient Israelite religion; (3) methodology; (4) El worship; (5) the iconography of the deity El; (6) the origin of the god Yahweh; (7) the iconography of Yahweh including the aniconic traditions; (8) how God is characterized as a warrior and a family deity; (9) how God is characterized as king and judge; (10) the holiness of God; (Ch. 11) conclusion. Chapters 8-10, in addition to describing divine traits, probe how divinity can be used as a lens with which to view the lived reality of religious experience.","PeriodicalId":225236,"journal":{"name":"The Origin and Character of God","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114431767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Characterization of the Deity Yahweh","authors":"T. J. Lewis","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190072544.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190072544.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter Eight intentionally juxtaposes Yahweh as Warrior and Yahweh as Parent. In the ancient world gods were perceived as and needed to be powerful—to right the wrongs, protect one’s crops and vanquish one’s enemies. Moreover, the notion of Yahweh as Divine Warrior transcended the mundane to include what has been labelled “cosmic” warfare where a super-endowed deity could vanquish seven-headed dragons who threatened society at large.\u0000Alternative voices provided a counter narrative that God is a force of peaceful existence. Thus Chapter Eight balances tales of divine warfare with powerful rhetorical aspirations of disarmament. According to the prophet Isaiah, people can choose to beat their swords into plowshares, to learn of war never more. Using the language of family religion, this chapter describes the compassionate side of divinity, how Yahweh is portrayed as a caring father to Israel his child, like a mother nourishing her newborn.","PeriodicalId":225236,"journal":{"name":"The Origin and Character of God","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129866708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：