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Failure Analysis of Geothermal Perforated Casing Tubing in H2S and O2 Containing Environment 含H2S、O2环境下地热射孔套管失效分析

Energy & Economic Geology eJournal Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.215163

H. Prabowo, Y. Pratesa, Askin Tohari, Ali Mudakir, B. Munir, J. Soedarsono

{"title":"Failure Analysis of Geothermal Perforated Casing Tubing in H2S and O2 Containing Environment","authors":"H. Prabowo, Y. Pratesa, Askin Tohari, Ali Mudakir, B. Munir, J. Soedarsono","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.215163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.215163","url":null,"abstract":"A failure incident occurred on perforated casing tubing for geothermal wells. The damage happened during the drilling process by an air drilling technique after eleven days from the installation. Even though air drilling is a common method for geothermal drilling, this incident showed a lesson to learn to prevent a similar accident in the future. Failure analysis based on the laboratory and field observation was done to get the failure incident's root cause. The visual identification result showed a severe depletion and cracks in the tubing at a depth of 1,450–1,500 m. Optical emission spectroscopy and the tensile test showed materials appropriateness to the specifications. The corrosion attacked from the outer side of the tube. This tubing was exposed to an environment with significant H 2 S, CO 2 , water steam, and oxygen from the air drilling process. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed FeS and Fe 3 O 4 in the corrosion product. Both of the scale formed as a different layer, where the FeS is formed below the Fe 3 O 4 layer. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results revealed that each tubing's sulfur content gets an increase in the deeper location. The gas sampling result showed that H 2 S gas is more dominant than CO 2 gas, which showed the sour service condition. Corrosion rate calculation modeling was also performed based on the environment parameter; the result is lower than the real cases. The oxygen from air drilling also accelerates the corrosion rate as it acted as an oxidizing agent in the process. Free sulfur is possibly formed, which is possibly transformed into sulfuric acid. This study showed the lesson learn about the deadly combination of sulfur, oxygen, H 2 S, and CO 2 , making a severe corrosion rate in the perforated tubing","PeriodicalId":223687,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Economic Geology eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134066633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Study of Cerium Extraction From Bangka Tin Slag Using Hydrochloric Acid 盐酸从邦卡锡渣中提取铈的研究

Energy & Economic Geology eJournal Pub Date : 2020-08-31 DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.210530

K. Trinopiawan, Z. Mubarok, K. Widana, Budi Yuli Ani, Yarianto Sugeng Budi Susilo, R. Prassanti, I. Susanto, S. Permana, J. Soedarsono

{"title":"A Study of Cerium Extraction From Bangka Tin Slag Using Hydrochloric Acid","authors":"K. Trinopiawan, Z. Mubarok, K. Widana, Budi Yuli Ani, Yarianto Sugeng Budi Susilo, R. Prassanti, I. Susanto, S. Permana, J. Soedarsono","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.210530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.210530","url":null,"abstract":"Bangka Tin Slag (BTS) was a tin-smelting waste containing high silica and other elements that have high economic value, including cerium, which is a rare earth element. Silica and Ce 2 O 3 contents in BTS were 32.86 % and 1.35 % respectively. Other elements that have high concentrations in BTS include 15.46 % of CaO, 10.88 % of Al 2 O 3 , and 9.20% of Fe 2 O 3 . The objective of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for cerium extraction using HCl, which includes HCl concentration, temperature, particle size, stirring speed, and dissolution time. In addition, the effect of these parameters on Ce extraction was also studied. The one-factor-at-time method was used to determine the optimum conditions. Pretreatment of BTS with the alkaline fusion method and water leaching was done to reduce both the silica content and increasing its porosity. Alkaline fusion carried out at 700 ℃ using NaOH converts the silica into water-soluble sodium silicate. Characterization of the slag structure before and after the pretreatment process was completely carried out by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and optical microscope. Furthermore, measurement of Ce content in the filtrate of the dissolution process was performed with inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results showed that the optimum of 75.16 % Ce was extracted by using some parameter conditions, namely by 2.5 M of HCl concentration, at the temperature of 40 ℃, with the particle size of –325 mesh, stirring speed of 150 rpm, and dissolution time of 180 minutes. Each parameter gives a significant effect on Ce extraction, wherein the initial stage, the increase in the value of each parameter gives an increase in Ce extraction and begins to decrease when equilibrium occurs","PeriodicalId":223687,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Economic Geology eJournal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122455194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

3D Modelling of Coal Deformation under Fluid Pressure using COMSOL Multiphysics 基于COMSOL Multiphysics的流体压力下煤体变形三维建模

Energy & Economic Geology eJournal Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3923859

D. H. Kumar, M. Mishra, S. Mishra

{"title":"3D Modelling of Coal Deformation under Fluid Pressure using COMSOL Multiphysics","authors":"D. H. Kumar, M. Mishra, S. Mishra","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3923859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3923859","url":null,"abstract":"Gas transportation in coal bed is a complex physical process. The Adsorption/desorption process is associated with the migration of gas in coal. Adsorption/desorption of CO2/CH4 in coal bed includes diffusion of gas from coal matrix and its flow through natural fractures. Therefore, it is necessary to have a clear concept of the flow behavior of gas in coal beds for successful coal bed methane (CBM) production and carbon dioxide sequestration. The flow of gas through natural cracks results in the deformation of the coal bed. Injection of CO2 in enhanced coal bed methane (ECBM) depends on the permeability and fluid flow behavior. Deformation in solid coal induced by fluid pressure during CBM and ECBM process is still not clearly understood. Numerical models and Multiphysics are dominant in the modeling of a complex study of flow-induced deformation. Such modeling is required for a detailed understanding of deformation as well as flow parameters. In this study 3D model of fractured coal, the core was developed. The deformation in the coal core at multiple injected fluid pressures was analyzed. Geo-mechanical parameters (Stress, Strain, Deformation, Pore pressure, and Darcy’s Velocity, etc.) were determined at varying injection pressures. The relations between different Geo-mechanical parameters were established using a statistical approach.y]","PeriodicalId":223687,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Economic Geology eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117106335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1