GeographyRN: Science最新文献

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The Real in the Ethereal: Creating Space, Meaning, and Power Online 虚幻中的真实:在线创造空间、意义和力量

GeographyRN: Science Pub Date : 2020-06-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3617689

Tomi Ihalainen

引用次数: 0

Autonomous, Connected, Electric Shared Vehicles (ACES) and Public Finance: An Explorative Analysis 自动驾驶、互联、电动共享汽车(ACES)与公共财政:探索性分析

GeographyRN: Science Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3323618

Martin W. Adler, S. Peer, Tanja Sinozic

{"title":"Autonomous, Connected, Electric Shared Vehicles (ACES) and Public Finance: An Explorative Analysis","authors":"Martin W. Adler, S. Peer, Tanja Sinozic","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3323618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3323618","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the implications of autonomous-connected-electric-shared vehicles (ACES) for public finance, which have so far been widely ignored in the literature. In OECD countries, 5-12% of federal and up to 30% of local tax revenues are currently collected from fuel and vehicle taxation. The diffusion of ACES will significantly reduce these important sources of government revenues and affect transport-related government expenditures, unless additional policies are introduced to align the new technological context with the tax revenue requirements. We argue that the realization of socioeconomic benefits of ACES depends on the implementation of tailored public finance policies, which can take advantage of the increase in data availability from the further digitalization of transportation systems. In particular, the introduction of road tolls in line with \"user Pays\" and \"polluter Pays\" principles will become more feasible for policy. Moreover, innovation in taxation schemes to fit the changing technological circumstances may alter the relative importance of levels of governance in transport policy making, likely shifting power towards local, in particular urban, governmental levels. We finally argue that, given the risk of path-dependencies and lock-in to sub-optimal public finance regimes if policies are implemented late, further research and near-term policy actions taken during the diffusion process of ACES are required.","PeriodicalId":221276,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Science","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132028203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Keeping Up With The Neighbours? Reviewing National Space Laws to Account For New Technology - The Australian and Canadian Experience 跟上邻居的步伐?回顾国家空间法以考虑新技术-澳大利亚和加拿大的经验

GeographyRN: Science Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3351501

S. Freeland, Ram S. Jakhu

{"title":"Keeping Up With The Neighbours? Reviewing National Space Laws to Account For New Technology - The Australian and Canadian Experience","authors":"S. Freeland, Ram S. Jakhu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3351501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3351501","url":null,"abstract":"The development of space-related technology since the dawn of the space age in 1957 has given rise to many new and exciting possibilities. It has also meant that space activities continue to evolve, facilitating the participation of a variety of space ‘actors’ other than States. Given the international responsibility of States for ‘national activities in outer space’ under both customary international law and the Outer Space Treaty, there is an imperative for States to enact relevant and contemporary national space law to regulate those non-governmental space actors within their respective jurisdiction. But enacting national space law is not enough – as the paradigm of space-related technology changes and evolves, it is clear that such shifts require the ongoing review of appropriate national regulatory standards over relatively short timeframes. National legislatures have to come to grips with the ever-changing range of space technology, particularly if they wish to become increasingly involved in space activities. Whatever rules are put in place during the review process must find the right balance between, on the one hand, the need for regulation of the economic and technical elements, so as to minimise the risks to an acceptable level, and the facilitation of research and innovation to allow for greater and more efficient access to space, and the potential for commercial returns, on the other. This paper will describe this process of review and rejuvenation of existing national space laws in both Australia and Canada, outlining the relevant factors that were taken into account in order to maximise the utility of the regulations to meet the specific goals and requirements within each country.","PeriodicalId":221276,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Science","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121817273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0