{"title":"The Kelp Laminaria hyperborea as a Bioindicator","authors":"Hilde Ervik","doi":"10.31021/JWT.20192122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31021/JWT.20192122","url":null,"abstract":"During the period of 2015-2017, concentrations of the toxic or essential elements Cd, Hg, Pb, Al, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and As were analysed in the species kelp Laminaria hyperborea in an upwelling and nutrient-rich area at Mausund in Frøya municipality in Trøndelag, Norway. Samples were extracted by HNO3 and analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In this study, the mean levels in L. hyperborea were significantly different between all years for the elements Hg, Pb, Cr, Fe, Ni and Zn, and the study indicated a temporal increase in the concentrations of Hg, Pb, Fe and Zn during the three-year period. The study showed high levels of Cd and Hg, according to levels set by the Regulation of fertilisers, etc. of organic origin [1]. According to European feed legislation regarding the maximum permitted levels in feed ingredients and complete feed stuff, there were elevated levels for Cd in 2016, for Hg in 2017 and for As throughout the three-year period. The European food legislation also sets maximum permitted levels for Cd, Pb and Hg in food supplements. The Hg levels in 2017 also exceeded these levels for supplements. The lamina of the species L. hyperborea can be used as a bioindicator for short-term exposure, and the results from this study can be considered to be reference levels.","PeriodicalId":215706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Technology and Treatment Methods","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114301488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Sanero, Viviana Hechem, D. Saunders, M. Boquet, Y. Assef, Cristian Pardo, Vanesa Villegas, P. Thevenet
{"title":"Insights on the Presence and Economic Impact of Water Related Trematodes in Natural Environments from Patagonia, Southern Argentina","authors":"E. Sanero, Viviana Hechem, D. Saunders, M. Boquet, Y. Assef, Cristian Pardo, Vanesa Villegas, P. Thevenet","doi":"10.31021/JWT.20181119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31021/JWT.20181119","url":null,"abstract":"Elena Sanero1 Viviana Hechem1 Débora Saunders1 Mariel Boquet1 Yanina Assef2 Cristian Pardo1 Vanesa Villegas1 Paula Sanchez Thevenet3* 1Faculty of Natural Sciences, National University of Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina 2Esquel Mountain and Patagonian Steppe Research Center (CIEMEP), National University of Patagonia San Juan Bosco, National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Esquel, Chubut, Argentina 3Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cardenal Herrera University-CEU, CEU Universities, Castellon, Spain","PeriodicalId":215706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Technology and Treatment Methods","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130992963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reducing the Scaling Potential of Oil and Gas Produced Waters with Integrated Accelerated Precipitation Softening and Microfiltration","authors":"J. Brant, Dongmei Li, J. Hegarty","doi":"10.31021/JWT.20181118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31021/JWT.20181118","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The burgeoning development of domestic energy resources has been closely tied with the production of large volumes of saline water, termed produced water. As a matter of perspective, in 2007 roughly 21 billion barrels (1 barrel = 42 U.S. gallons) of produced water were generated in the U.S. from oil and natural gas extraction [1]. High concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS) and sparingly soluble salts are characteristics that make produced water difficult to treat and reuse for beneficial purposes and has led to many stakeholders using deep well injection as their primary disposal strategy. Although desalination is not always required for produced water reuse, it is a necessity for many reuse options like stream flow augmentation, crop irrigation, livestock watering and cooling processes. While many options exist for water desalination, reverse osmosis (RO) is amongst the most popular and has been used in produced water treatment applications [24]. A common challenge for the application of RO processes for produced water treatment is mineral scaling, which often limits the achievable feed water recovery ration [5-7]. This challenge is exasperated for produced water applications as a result of their composition. Reducing the risks associated with mineral scaling are important to realizing the potential benefits of produced water reuse. Mineral scaling results in the formation of relatively dense deposits on surfaces that ultimately affect process performance. For example, scale formation on heat exchangers reduces heat transfer efficiency, while on desalination membranes it results in reduced hydraulic permeability. Common mineral contaminants include calcium, barium, magnesium, iron and strontium that precipitate onto the RO membrane with sulfate and carbonate also present in the produced water [6]. A variety of factors determine the onset of scale formation, such as polyvalent cation concentration, solution pH and temperature. Commonly encountered types of mineral scales in RO systems are calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and barium sulfate [6]. Development of new, or the refinement of existing, softening processes is further motivated by the emergence of wastewaters, like oil and gas produced waters, that can be highly saline and laden with sparingly soluble salts and minerals [2]. This presents challenges for treating produced waters or reinjecting produced waters as a result if scale formation on pipes or in the formation [8,9]. For membrane processes mineral scaling is a limiting factor that in many cases dictates the recovery ration for a given system [3]. Strategies like acidification and /or anti-scalant (dispersant) addition are widespread and relatively successful scaling mitigation strategies; however, reducing the concentrations of scale forming elements may extend the achievable recovery ration even further. This is particularly relevant for treating produced waters whose complex *Corresponding author:","PeriodicalId":215706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Technology and Treatment Methods","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131401162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of Heavy Metals Contents in Goat and Sheep Organs from Ashaka Cements, Gombe State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Chadi, A. Abdulhameed","doi":"10.31021/JWT.20181117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31021/JWT.20181117","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The term heavy metal is applied to a group of elements having atomic density value of more than 6 g/cm3 [1]. The heavy metals include mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), thallium (Tl), and lead (Pb). Heavy metals are natural components of the Earth’s crust [2]. They cannot be degraded or destroyed. To some extent they enter our bodies through food, drinking water and air. As trace elements, some heavy metals (e.g. copper, selenium, zinc) are essential to maintain the metabolism of the human body. However, at higher concentrations they can lead to poisoning. Most of the metals are carcinogenic, teratogenic and pose severe health problems like organ damage, reduced growth and development, nervous system impairments and oxidative stress [3]. The cement industry plays an important role in the economic development of Nigeria. Cement is considered as a strategic commodity because it is upstream of any construction activity and building infrastructure. The deposition of cement dust containing heavy metals not only alters the activity of soil but also inhibits plant nutrient resources to be submitted to necrosis and severe poisoning of plants sensitive to these compounds [4,5]. The Exhaust of the industry may be contaminated, which may be deposited on soil and may have an eventual effect on the grassing animals through polluted water sources, and thereby consumption of the affected animals may pose human health, thus eating habits of animal flesh may lead to bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the liver as it is a good iron source in the food supplement [6]. Risk assessment is an effective scientific tool which enables decision makers to manage sites so contaminated in a cost-effective manner while preserving public and ecosystem health [6]. A great concern for the assessment of the meat, water and soil of its pollutants as it enters into the food chain is to prevent the flow of toxic substances into ground surface, water, common consumed animals, plants and the human settlements. Global and local agencies have therefore established certain limits on the quantities of heavy metals being discharged into environment. This study determined heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Mn, Cd and Cr) concentration, in some vital organs such as the liver, kidney, muscles and the lungs of goat and sheep reared in Ashaka town, thereby providing data in terms of heavy metal concentrations necessary for planning by government and other stake holders.","PeriodicalId":215706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Technology and Treatment Methods","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128968176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}