Escritos de Psicología / Psychological Writings最新文献

{"title":"¿Están los rasgos de personalidad asociados al bienestar psicológico?","authors":"I. Delhom, Encarnación Satorres, J. Meléndez","doi":"10.5231/psy.writ.2019.0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5231/psy.writ.2019.0107","url":null,"abstract":"espanolExiste poca informacion de como los rasgos de personalidad puede afectar al bienestar psicologico. Los estudios senalan que el neuroticismo y la extraversion son los rasgos que mayor vinculacion poseen con el bienestar psicologico. En este estudio se investigo como los rasgos de personalidad se asocian a las seis dimensiones del bienestar psicologico en una muestra de adultos mayores espanoles. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 224 adultos mayores a los que se aplicaron las escalas de bienestar psicologico y el cuestionario NEO-FFI. Se analizaron los resultados mediante regresion lineal multiple. Se obtuvieron asocia-ciones significativas en todas las dimensiones del bienestar psicologico siendo negativas las del neuroti-cismo, y positivas las de extraversion, responsabilidad, apertura a la experiencia y amabilidad. La asociacion negativa del neuroticismo con las dimensiones del bienestar psicologico indicaria que una puntuacion alta en este rasgo tendria un caracter desadaptativo para un buen envejecer. Las asociaciones positivas de los demas rasgos de personalidad con el bienestar psicologico sugeririan su caracter facilitador para un funcionamiento optimo durante el envejecimiento. EnglishThere is little information on how personality traits can affect psychological well-being. Studies suggest that the traits with the strongest associations with psychological well-being are neuroticism and extraversion to. The present study investigated associations between personality traits and the six dimensions of psychological well-being in a sample of older Spanish adults. The sample comprised 224 older adults who completed the psychological well-being scales and the NEO-FFI questionnaire. The results were analyzed using multiple linear regressions. Significant associations were found between all the dimensions of psychological well-being: these associations were negative in the case of neuroticism, and positive in the case of extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and agreeableness. The negative association between neuroticism and the dimensions of psychological well-being suggest that high scores in this trait would be maladaptive for a good aging experience. Positive associations between other personality traits and psychological well-being suggest that they would facilitate optimal functioning during aging.","PeriodicalId":214911,"journal":{"name":"Escritos de Psicología / Psychological Writings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127908766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intervención grupal en educación sexual con estudiantes: actitudes hacia la sexualidad, masturbación y fantasías sexuales","authors":"Antonio García, Oliveros Jiménez, María Araceli Ojeda Mora, Miguel Ángel Cerquera-Hurtado, Lidia Martínez Suárez","doi":"10.5231/psy.writ.2019.2607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5231/psy.writ.2019.2607","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa erotofilia se ha relacionado con mayor satisfaccion sexual, mayores conductas de proteccion frente a las infecciones de transmision sexual/virus de inmuno-deficiencia humana (ITS/VIH), mayor uso del preservativo, etc. El objetivo ha sido determinar si una intervencion breve en estudiantes universitarios es una opcion eficaz para incrementar las actitudes positivas hacia la sexualidad, las actitudes y mitos hacia la masturbacion, asi como de las fantasias sexuales. Se ha realizado una intervencion cuasiexperimental tipo pre-post-seguimiento en estudiantes universitarios (N=51). En la evaluacion se emplearon la Encuesta Revisada de Opinion Sexual (EROS), el Cuestionario de Fantasias Sexuales (SFQ) y el Inventario de actitudes negativas hacia la masturbacion (NAMI). Se han encontrado cambios estadisticamente significativos en EROS, SFQ y NAMI. Manteniendose todos los cambios tras una evaluacion de seguimiento, realizada tres meses despues. Este tipo de intervencion tiene una incidencia positiva sobre las fantasias sexuales, asi como en las actitudes y mitos hacia la sexualidad y la masturbacion. EnglishErotophilia has been associated with increased sexual satisfaction, increased protective behaviours against Sexually Transmitted Infections/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (STI/HIV), increased condom use, etc. The aim of this study was to determine whether a brief intervention in college students was an effective option for increasing positive attitudes toward sexuality, attitudes and myths about masturbation, and sexual fantasies. A quasi-experimental pre-post-follow-up intervention was conducted with university students (N=51). We administered the Revised Sexual Opinion Survey (EROS), the Sexual Fantasy Questionnaire (SFQ), and the Negative Attitudes Toward Masturbation Inventory (NAMI). Statistically significant changes were found in EROS, SFQ and NAMI scores. All changes were maintained at a follow-up assessment at 3 months. This type of intervention has a positive impact on sexual fantasies, attitudes and myths about sexuality and masturbation.","PeriodicalId":214911,"journal":{"name":"Escritos de Psicología / Psychological Writings","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131835052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La hipótesis del marcador somático y la neurobiología de las decisiones","authors":"F. Morandín-Ahuerma","doi":"10.5231/PSY.WRIT.2019.1909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5231/PSY.WRIT.2019.1909","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa hipotesis del marcador somatico (SMH) ha sido una de las teorias mas influyentes en las neurociencias desde principios de los anos 90s en que fue formulada por Antonio Damasio en su libro El error de Descartes (1994). Desde entonces, diversos estudios, a favor y en contra se han escrito, sin un veredicto. En este trabajo se propone una explicacion abarcadora de lo que es la hipotesis del marcador somatico. En segundo lugar, se hace una valoracion sucinta del peso que la amigdala pueda tener en el proceso de toma de decisiones inconscientes. En contraste, se citan algunos resultados que apuntan que la corteza prefrontal ventromedial estaria comprometida con nuestras decisiones racionales. Finalmente, se recuperan algunas criticas de otros investigadores a la hipotesis del marcador somatico a partir de resultados mixtos obtenidos en el juego de azar y apuestas de Iowa. Se concluye que la mayor valia de la SMH es haber terminado con la dualidad cerebro-cuerpo, pero que la hipotesis por si misma, no es suficiente para sostener que el proceso de toma de decisiones se realice principalmente a partir de lo que sentimos. El proceso de toma de decisiones, si bien se vale de respuestas inconscientes somatosensoriales, es un proceso fisico-emocional-racional mas complejo, que carece aun de suficientes evidencias para ser situado. EnglishThe somatic marker hypothesis (SMH) has been one of the most influential theories in the neurosciences since the early 1990s, when it was formulated by Antonio Damasio in his book Descartes’ Error (1994). Since then, various studies, for and against, have been written without a verdict. Firstly, this study provides a comprehensive explanation of the SMH. Secondly, it provides a detailed assessment of the relevance of the amygdala in the process of making unconscious decisions. In contrast, we cite some results that suggest that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex would be involved in our rational decisions. Finally, we review some of the criticism of the SMH that was based on the mixed results obtained in the Iowa Gambling Task. We suggest that the main value of the SMH is that it resolves the brain-body duality problem. However, the hypothesis by itself is insufficient to claim that the decision-making process is mainly based on our feelings. Although the decision-making process uses unconscious somatosensory responses, it is a more complex physical-emotional-rational process, which still lacks sufficient evidence to be located.","PeriodicalId":214911,"journal":{"name":"Escritos de Psicología / Psychological Writings","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121580550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}