Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles最新文献

Dioxins and Furans: Emerging Contaminants of Air 二恶英和呋喃:空气中的新污染物

Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles Pub Date : 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80680

M. Zubair, Amina Adrees

{"title":"Dioxins and Furans: Emerging Contaminants of Air","authors":"M. Zubair, Amina Adrees","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80680","url":null,"abstract":"Dioxins and furans are classified highly contaminating toxic chemicals having serious effect on human health. This chapter begins with a brief summary on the formation, occurrence and toxicity of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlori- nated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) with their potential health effects, mitigation measures of these harmful compounds. Depending on position of chlorine atoms on aromatic rings, about 210 chemically different PCDD/PCDFs known as “congener” are present in the environment. The expected biological activity of PCDD/PCDFs is expressed relatively to the activity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) using a common metric. TCDD is the most biologically potent among all the congeners. Toxic level of a mixture of PCDD/PCDFs is therefore expressed in TCDD toxicity equivalents or TEQs. There are two mechanisms for the formation of dioxins and furans, one from precursors and other by de novo synthesis. PCDD/PCDFs followed a mechanism which uses macromolecule carbon and chlorine in fly ash to form dioxins at low temperature. There are various sources of the formation of PCDD/PCDFs like hospital waste incinerators, industrial combustion and burning of domestic waste. Dioxins and furans have very harmful effects on the human health causing cancer, diabetes, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity and chloracne. It has been experienced that hybrid method secure a sustainable future for the incinerators and PCDD/PCDFs removal technologies. This chapter will help the researchers and practitioners for better understanding and decision making for future research to establish a sustainable PCDD/PCDFs free life.","PeriodicalId":213313,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126088354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Industrial Air Pollution Control 工业空气污染控制

Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles Pub Date : 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80678

A. Matin, A. Rahmati

{"title":"Industrial Air Pollution Control","authors":"A. Matin, A. Rahmati","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80678","url":null,"abstract":"Ambient air contaminants have different adverse effects on human health, environ - ment, and structures. Some pollutions are more toxic and have unfavorable effects on workers’ and public health, for example, cyanide/isocyanide vapor produced in some processes or in burning of polyurethane compounds, which is a toxic gas that can kill or cause harms impossible to reverse. It is so necessary that air pollutants will be controlled and treatment will be provided for the workers and public who are exposed or exhausted to the environment. Industrial ventilation (general ventilation, dilution ventilation, and local exhaust ventilation) is an appropriate system to control indoor air pollutions. Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) has different segments such as hoods, fittings, collectors (air cleaners), stacks, and fans that could collect and treat indoor and outdoor air contaminants. Each well-designed segment of a local exhaust ventila - tion is a vital subject that can cause an appropriate or inappropriate performance of systems. A well-designed LEV can lead to obtain a high efficiency level of pollution removal and minimum exposure (workers, public, and environment) to pollutants and save costs and energy.","PeriodicalId":213313,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127601527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Air Pollution in an Urban Area of Mexico: Sources of Emission (Vehicular, Natural, Industrial, and Brick Production) 墨西哥城市地区的空气污染:排放源(车辆、自然、工业和砖生产)

Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles Pub Date : 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80000

V. Ojeda-Castillo, S. Alonso-Romero, L. Hernández-Mena, Paz Elizabeth Álvarez-Chávez, Jorge del Real-Olvera

{"title":"Air Pollution in an Urban Area of Mexico: Sources of Emission (Vehicular, Natural, Industrial, and Brick Production)","authors":"V. Ojeda-Castillo, S. Alonso-Romero, L. Hernández-Mena, Paz Elizabeth Álvarez-Chávez, Jorge del Real-Olvera","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80000","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the interest in aerosol particles has increased due to concerns about the effects on human health. The study of the chemical characterization (organic matter, sulfates, nitrates, and black carbon) has improved the knowledge about the negative contribution of chemicals to the environment. The identification of secondary processes (from pollutants such as SO2, NOx, and PAHs) and their role when combined with environmental factors such as humidity, solar radiation, and temperature are also of interest. With this background, this chapter seeks to highlight the most recent findings on the chemical composition of aerosol particles in the ambient air of one of the main cities of Mexico: the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara. This megalopolis has almost 60% of the population of the Jalisco state, approximately 2.2 million vehicles and an extensive artisan brick production. Furthermore, due to its geographical position, it experiences frequent episodes of thermal inversion and exposition to high levels of solar radiation, mainly during the first half of the year.","PeriodicalId":213313,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121797848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Air Emission Inventory 空气排放清单

Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles Pub Date : 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79928

H. Bằng, Vu Hoang Ngoc Khue

引用次数: 10

Emissions of Inorganic Trace Pollutants from Coal Power Generation 燃煤发电中无机微量污染物的排放

Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79918

P. Córdoba

引用次数: 6

Airborne PM Impact on Health, Overview of Variables, and Key Factors to Decision Making in Air Quality 空气中的PM对健康的影响，变量概述，以及空气质量决策的关键因素

Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79695

João Nuno Pinto Miranda Garcia, J. Borrega, Luís M. R. Coelho

{"title":"Airborne PM Impact on Health, Overview of Variables, and Key Factors to Decision Making in Air Quality","authors":"João Nuno Pinto Miranda Garcia, J. Borrega, Luís M. R. Coelho","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79695","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter intends to contribute to the understanding of the multiple aspects related to particulate matter (PM) in an air urban environment, in particular, regarding its impact on human health. A general overview of variables and key factors is presented to iden - tify, relate, and understand the diverse and multidisciplinary variables that contribute to PM concentration in urban environments associated with health impacts. This relation is difficult to quantify, given the numerous variables that are interlinked due to the multi disciplinary aspects involved. Our aim is to identify the main multidisciplinary aspects, namely, meteorology, urban geometry, buildings, roads and footpaths, road traffic, industries, air concentration measurements, and health. The main strategic aspects for decision making related to airborne PM impact on health are also discussed. urban geometry, road traffic, industries, air concentration measurements, and health were also presented and discussed. The main strategic aspects for decision making related to airborne PM impact on health were also discussed.","PeriodicalId":213313,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134368666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Commuting on Public Transport: Health Risks and Responses 公共交通通勤:健康风险和应对措施

Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79694

L. Wong, Haridah Alias, N. Aghamohammadi, Nik MeriamNik Sulaiman, Hualiang Lin, Jinshun Zhao

{"title":"Commuting on Public Transport: Health Risks and Responses","authors":"L. Wong, Haridah Alias, N. Aghamohammadi, Nik MeriamNik Sulaiman, Hualiang Lin, Jinshun Zhao","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79694","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid urbanization places a huge demand for infrastructure on busy city roads, exposing commuters to the health risks of atmospheric air pollutants. Traffic-related air pollution causes significant health burdens worldwide and enormous economic losses. Both short- and long-term exposures to atmospheric air pollutants cause a range of adverse health effects on people who commute. The short-term symptoms of exposure include cough- ing, shortness of breath, chest pain, and headaches. Long-term exposure is associated with cardiovascular, respiratory, and lung cancer mortality. Exposure to traffic-related air pollution also has detrimental effects on psychological and mental health. Although the use of proper respiratory protection may greatly reduce inhalation of microparticu - late matter commonly found at high concentrations on busy roads, its use is not common in some communities. The adverse health risks associated with traffic-related air pollu- tion can also be reduced through diet and lifestyle modifications, and these should be encouraged. A lack of environmental health literacy may result in the underutilization of preventive resources; therefore, fostering proper delivery of information may improve the health of commuters. Attention is drawn to the need for research tailored to indi- vidual societies or countries due to the influence of innumerable factors such as culture, religion, and climate, as well as policy and governance that contribute to diversity among health impacts and local community mitigation measures.","PeriodicalId":213313,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles","volume":"559 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116203149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Atmospheric N and S Deposition Fluxes in the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Mexico and Its Relation with Criteria Air Pollutants and Meteorological Conditions 墨西哥蒙特雷大都市区大气氮、硫沉降通量及其与标准大气污染物和气象条件的关系

Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79484

Rosa María Cerón Bretón, Julia Griselda Cerón Bretón, Jonathan Kahl, E. Ramírez Lara, Atl Víctor Córdova Quiroz, Alberto Antonio Espinosa Guzmán, Manuel Muriel García, Gilma Gabriela Arenas Hernández, José Angel Solís Canul, Abril Rodríguez Guzmán

{"title":"Atmospheric N and S Deposition Fluxes in the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Mexico and Its Relation with Criteria Air Pollutants and Meteorological Conditions","authors":"Rosa María Cerón Bretón, Julia Griselda Cerón Bretón, Jonathan Kahl, E. Ramírez Lara, Atl Víctor Córdova Quiroz, Alberto Antonio Espinosa Guzmán, Manuel Muriel García, Gilma Gabriela Arenas Hernández, José Angel Solís Canul, Abril Rodríguez Guzmán","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79484","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to assess the spatial and temporal variability of N and S atmospheric deposition and its relation with criteria air pollutants (CAPs) and meteorological conditions (MCs) in the metropolitan area of Monterrey (MAM). Atmospheric deposition was collected in 10 sampling sites during 3 climatic periods by using passive samplers based on ionic exchange resins (IERs); simultaneously, CAP and MC were mon- itored. Ions were extracted from IER to determine nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate levels, and deposition fluxes were estimated. On the other hand, from CAP and MC, wind and concentration roses were built to identify the exceedances of the current regulations, and relationships between CAP and meteorological conditions. It was found that only S depo- sition fluxes exceeded critical load values proposed in Europe, suggesting that S deposi tion could be a serious threat in MAM. It was found that CO in Juárez sampling site and O 3 and PM 10 in all sampling sites showed exceedances of the current regulatory limits, showing seasonal and spatial patterns similar to N and S deposition fluxes. Deposition fluxes were mapped to identify critical zones or periods in which these fluxes could be higher as a result of the prevailing meteorological conditions. prevailing wind direction during all year in MAM. In addition, PM 2.5 levels were higher when wind came from north. It suggests that sources located at north (N) and east (E) from MAM contributed significantly to pollution in MAM. Finally, this study suggests that, since O 3 and PM 10 levels exceeded the allowable maximum limit during all year and in all sampling sites, the implications that this fact may have on the population health in MAM could be serious.","PeriodicalId":213313,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124546781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Urban Air Pollution Mapping and Traffic Intensity: Active Transport Application 城市空气污染制图与交通强度:主动交通应用

Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79570

R. Zalakeviciute, Adrian Buenaño, D. Sannino, YvesRybarczyk

引用次数: 10