Journal of Life Sciences Research and Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Nigeria and the One-Health Approach to Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Review","authors":"Umezurike ET","doi":"10.47363/jlsrr/2024(2)116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jlsrr/2024(2)116","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, to survive, thrive and even proliferate in the presence of chemical agents meant to destroy or slow down their rate of growth. According to a study conducted in 2022, approximately 5 million deaths occurred globally that are related to AMR. This is an astronomical increase from 1.27 million AMR related deaths reported by a study conducted in 2019. By 2050, this number has been projected to rise to 10,000,000 deaths annually. Since AMR has been seen to be an ecological problem it calls for a cooperative, interdisciplinary strategy including experts in environmental, animal, and human health called the One Health strategy. The misuse of antibiotics is clearly linked as a causal factor for the evolution of resistance. Modern medicine has even inadvertently accelerated this change even further by eradicating competitor organisms which were drug-susceptible, thus allowing resistant microorganisms to multiply and spread via natural selection. AMR is also significantly aided by the improper prescription of antibiotics. AMR is a serious public health issue globally an in Nigeria. Current statistics suggest that without taking measured steps the spectrum of antibiotics which will be available for treatment of infections will continue to reduce. Antimicrobial stewardship along with the one health approach are strategies which will help to ensure that AMR can be brought under control.","PeriodicalId":204587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Sciences Research and Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jlsrr/2024(2)116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147888078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Afflatoxine Effect on Livestock Health: A Review","authors":"Alemayehu Telila Gebre","doi":"10.47363/jlsrr/2024(2)111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jlsrr/2024(2)111","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins have been the cause of numerous deaths in livestock and it also the cause for economic losses. Aflatoxins belong to a group of mycotoxins that are produced by fungi species (molds) as they grow on their substrates. The major ones are aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2, thus named depending on their fluorescence under blue and green light. Aspergillus parasiticus can synthesize AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2. AFB1=AFM1>AFG1>AFB2=AFM2>AFG2 from strongest to weakest in terms of toxicity. Pigs so affected became lethargic, did not eat, and eventually became hypothermic, icteric, and had blood in their feces. Acute aflatoxicosis is characterized by an acute hepatotoxic disease that manifests itself with depression, anorexia, jaundice, hemorrhages, edema of the lower extremities, abdominal pain and vomiting. Chronic exposure leads liver cancer. The major target organ for aflatoxins in animals is the liver. Aflatoxins are probably not major causes of livestock disease and low productivity, but are contributing factors which are likely to become more important as livestock production intensifies. The animal feeds most likely to be contaminated are maize, cottonseed, and groundnuts. These feeds are at high risk for aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxins cannot be detected by sight or smell in contaminated food or feed. Aflatoxins are not eliminated by boiling, cooking, or by processing into compound feeds. Animal source foods, especially milk, may also contain aflatoxins if animals eat contaminated feeds. This is often the case with milk; carry-over rates are relatively high, consumption is high, and milk is often given to infants and young children who are most at-risk for negative health outcomes related to aflatoxin exposure. Affected animals may exhibit reduced feed consumption, weight loss, and reduction in production. The more significant effects in cattle may occur when animals consume lower levels of aflatoxins and chronic effects appear such as reduced reproductivity, immunosuppression, and reduced feed efficiency. An increase in dietary protein protects against adverse effects of the toxin. Feeding of extra vitamins, A and K could also decrease the detrimental effects of aflatoxins. The prevention ways are removing the sources; promotes better agricultural and storage techniques; have good resources for testing and early diagnosis; strict food quality standards; General awareness and personal protection; Better livestock feeding & management.","PeriodicalId":204587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Sciences Research and Reviews","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radium’s Lack of Stable Isotopes Can be Explained by Radioactivity","authors":"James T Struck","doi":"10.47363/jlsrr/2023(1)108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jlsrr/2023(1)108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":204587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Sciences Research and Reviews","volume":"112 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Scale Demonstration of Irrigated Wheat in North Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Alemayehu Biri, Mangistu Jifara, Geshew Safara, Abraham Feyisa, E. Bedada, Bikila Mangistu","doi":"10.47363/jlsrr/2023(1)101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jlsrr/2023(1)101","url":null,"abstract":"The government has initiated wheat self-sufficiency strategies through increasing wheat productivity in the rain-fed agro-ecologies and expansion of production to the irrigable lowland areas. To this end, in 2019/20, the Oromia agricultural research institute and the Ethiopian institute of agricultural research have extended the experience to the high land and midland areas and not yet well introduced to the highland of north Shewa zone of Oromia. Therefore, the LSD was conducted in selected six districts (Jida, Abichu, Wacale, Degem, kuyu and Wara Jarso) of north Shewa Zone in 2020/2021 off season to popularize irrigated wheat production technologies practices and to encourage farmer-based seed production and supply systems under irrigation. Ogolcho and Kingbird varieties were used for large scale demonstration and planted on a total 162 hector of land. A total of 399 households and institutional producer who are members of organised Irrigation water users’ associations were involved in the activity. Before, class room trainings and stakeholder workshop were conducted to the participants from the selected districts on the overall activity implementation approach as well as bread wheat production and management under irrigation during off season. Accordingly, a total of 229 and 368 participants attended the training and field days, respectively. Yield data was collected and the result indicated that the maximum yield were recorded 58.7qt/ha and 48qt/ha at Abichu and Jida district, respectively. The outcome showed the presence of large and untouched productive areas suitable for wheat production under irrigation as to lead the areas to self-sufficient","PeriodicalId":204587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Sciences Research and Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124035751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}