Panagiotis Pardalidis, N. Andriopoulos, N. Pardalidis
{"title":"Robotic Orthotopic Neobladder: The Two Chimney Technique","authors":"Panagiotis Pardalidis, N. Andriopoulos, N. Pardalidis","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.100114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100114","url":null,"abstract":"Bladder substitution following radical cystectomy for urothelial cancer (transitional cell carcinoma) has become increasingly common and in many centers has evolved to become the standard method of urinary diversion. Orthotopic neobladder has been a commonly used option for urinary diversion since the 1980s. Advantages of this type of diversion are the ability to avoid an ostomy, voiding function similar to the native bladder, and improved cosmesis. Robotic intracorporeal neobladder creation has demonstrated similar outcomes to open technique and represents a promising minimally invasive diversion for the future. The Studer pouch is widely used nowadays, yet there are still some drawbacks. Therefore, we designed a technique that would offer an orthotopic ureteroileal anastomosis by using a two chimney modification. This modification is simple to handle, safe and free of ureteric stricture or reflux. With low stricture rates, this modified procedure of ureterointestinal anastomosis, is worthy of further promotion.","PeriodicalId":203254,"journal":{"name":"Bladder Cancer [Working Title]","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121575371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender Disparities in Bladder Cancer","authors":"Yingsheng J. Zhang, D. Theodorescu, Xue Li","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.98225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98225","url":null,"abstract":"Biological sex is an independent risk factor of cancer. Men are three to five times more likely than women to develop bladder cancer even when known risk factors are taken into consideration. Development of sex in mammals is often viewed as a two-step process. The first step is sex determination, of which the XX and XY sex chromosome complements trigger gonad differentiation to form the ovary and testis, respectively. After that, sex hormones secreted by gonads initiate sexually dimorphic differentiation of nongonadal tissues. However, this model has been challenged by recent findings revealing an independent contribution of sex chromosomes to sexual dimorphism. In this chapter, we discuss how the sex chromosomes and sex hormones together cause gender disparities in bladder cancer. We propose a concept of epigenetic sex – epigenetic differences between males and females – and suggest that the sex epigenome is a previously unknown biasing factor contributing to gender disparities in bladder cancer.","PeriodicalId":203254,"journal":{"name":"Bladder Cancer [Working Title]","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131734678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advancements in Intravesical Chemotherapy in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder cancer","authors":"A. Mittal, V. Panwar, G. Singh","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.99441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99441","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is transurethral resection of bladder cancer followed by intravesical chemotherapy or BCG. There have been various advancements in low risk, intermediate risk, high risk, and BCG failure cases of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. There has been increased research on hyperthermia and intravesical chemotherapy, new agents like apaziquone, use of gemcitabine in low-risk cases, and combination chemotherapy in cases of BCG failure. Combining docetaxel and gemcitabine has taken a significant stage because of BCG shortage in some parts of the world. This chapter will discuss the latest advancements in intravesical chemotherapy in low, intermediate, and high-risk patients.","PeriodicalId":203254,"journal":{"name":"Bladder Cancer [Working Title]","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126752298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Víctor Enrique Corona-Montes, E. González-Cuenca, L. López, Juan Eduardo Sánchez-Núñez, R. Gaston
{"title":"Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy with Intra-corporeal Neo-Bladder","authors":"Víctor Enrique Corona-Montes, E. González-Cuenca, L. López, Juan Eduardo Sánchez-Núñez, R. Gaston","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.98973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.98973","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this chapter is to provide a step-by-step description of the robot-assisted radical cystectomy with an intra-corporeal neo-bladder technique and a recent review of its outcomes. The procedure is also known as anterior pelvic exenteration or cysto-prostatectomy in the case of female or male respectively. Radical cystectomy (RC) is the gold standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, but there are also several surgical indications for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In the past years, minimally invasive surgery and the da Vinci system technology have played a major role in this procedure, with description of brand-new techniques and specific approaches for the creation of a continent urinary reservoir. The following chapter provides a detailed description of the robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with Y-shaped intra-corporeal bladder as well as a literary review of distinct perioperative, functional and oncological outcomes from the available RARC randomized controlled trials. Despite its high cost and complexity, the intra-corporeal technique has become widely popular around the world and is used more frequently each time. The described data in this chapter, demonstrates that morbidity can be reduced whilst simultaneously offer non-inferior oncological results and less intraoperative blood loss in contrast to the open RC approach.","PeriodicalId":203254,"journal":{"name":"Bladder Cancer [Working Title]","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117275238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular Classification of Bladder Cancer","authors":"S. Kaushal, Hena Khandakar","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.97393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97393","url":null,"abstract":"Bladder cancer is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease. Traditional classification systems, based on pathologic grade, stage and clinical prognosis fail to fully explain how tumors with similar pathology exhibit diverse biological behavior. The introduction of transcriptomics technology has allowed us to catalog all of the mRNA expression patterns and DNA alterations in a given tumor thus expanding our understanding of human cancers. Molecular subtype profiling was attempted only recently in bladder cancer, with the earliest attempts dating back to 2010. Several different molecular classification systems have emerged since. Some of these systems address early bladder cancer, while others focus exclusively on the life-threatening muscle invasive tumors. These molecular subtypes have distinct morphological and clinical characteristics with different therapeutic and prognostic implications, particularly in the era of targeted therapies and immunotherapy. However, molecular subtyping is not without its limitations. Despite the rapidly expanding evidence for important clinical implications, much work is still needed to establish the utility (or lack thereof) of molecular subtyping, and its application in daily practice.","PeriodicalId":203254,"journal":{"name":"Bladder Cancer [Working Title]","volume":"6 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120930192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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