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Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infections - Microbial Agents and Predisposing Factors最新文献

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Introductory Chapter: An Overview on Urinary Tract Infections, Pathogens, and Risk Factors 导论章:泌尿道感染、病原体和危险因素概述
Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infections - Microbial Agents and Predisposing Factors Pub Date : 2018-11-21 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82230
P. Behzadi
{"title":"Introductory Chapter: An Overview on Urinary Tract Infections, Pathogens, and Risk Factors","authors":"P. Behzadi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82230","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infections (UTIs), the second-ranked infectious diseases, are recognized as a big concern relating to global healthcare systems. The problem with UTIs is two-dimensional. From the economic aspect, patients with UTIs cost millions of US dollars (USD) for different governments annually. From the other dimension, there is a huge number of patients with UTIs which must be visited by a considerable number of physicians and specialists that involve an abundance of human resources in the public healthcare systems. So, the UTIs should be diagnosed and treated definitely at the earliest to decrease the costs and traffics in public healthcare systems [1–6].","PeriodicalId":203083,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infections - Microbial Agents and Predisposing Factors","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131556339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Urinary Tract Infection in Diabetics 糖尿病患者尿路感染
Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infections - Microbial Agents and Predisposing Factors Pub Date : 2018-11-16 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79575
A. Prajapati
{"title":"Urinary Tract Infection in Diabetics","authors":"A. Prajapati","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79575","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a metabolic disease with increase blood sugar level. A large population of world is affected by diabetes. The patients suffering from diabetes have many other com plications like cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, retinopathy, diabetic foot, diabetic neuropathy, urinary tract infection, etc. The patients with diabetes are more prone to get urinary tract infection due to frequent urination and high blood sugar level. The high sugar level gives favorable growth environment to the pathogens. Early diagnosis and proper medication are necessary for management of urinary tract infection in diabetic patients. The diagnosis of urinary tract infection is dependent on urine culture reports. The treatment should preferably be started after antimicrobial susceptibility reports. The misuse or overuse of antibiotics may lead to antimicrobial resistance. The antimicrobial resistance is another challenge in management of urinary tract infection.","PeriodicalId":203083,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infections - Microbial Agents and Predisposing Factors","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125490968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Virulence Factors of Uropathogenic E. coli 尿路致病性大肠杆菌的毒力因子
Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infections - Microbial Agents and Predisposing Factors Pub Date : 2018-11-15 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79557
Md Sorwer Alam Parvez, D. Rahman
{"title":"Virulence Factors of Uropathogenic E. coli","authors":"Md Sorwer Alam Parvez, D. Rahman","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79557","url":null,"abstract":"In order for a successful infection and creating a satisfactory environment inside the host, strains of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) need some special features that are achieved by expressing particular genes, called virulence factors. Two of the most impor- tant surface virulence factors of UPEC are type 1 fimbriae and P fimbriae that are crucial for the colonization process inside the urinary tract. Expression of these virulence factors converts a commensal strain into an uropathogen. Beside these factors, outer membrane proteins also contribute to virulence being involved in the secretory machinery; an exam- ple of such type is TolC protein that transfers α -hemolysin across the outer membrane of E. coli . However, α -hemolysin along with many other toxins serves various pathogenic roles during UTIs including adhesion, colonization, cytotoxic activity, etc. Moreover, virulence factors located on bacterial surface including capsule and lipopolysaccharides may also have the contribution to UTIs providing antiphagocytosis and antibactericidal complement activity.","PeriodicalId":203083,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infections - Microbial Agents and Predisposing Factors","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131761079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Urinary Tract Infections in Neuro-Patients 神经系统患者的尿路感染
Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infections - Microbial Agents and Predisposing Factors Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79690
C. Konstantinidis, Achilleas Karafotias
{"title":"Urinary Tract Infections in Neuro-Patients","authors":"C. Konstantinidis, Achilleas Karafotias","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79690","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of neurological diseases may have an impact on lower urinary tract func- tion. High intravesical pressure, post-void residual and incontinence are the main con-sequences of this dysfunction. All the mentioned conditions are inductive factors for urinary tract infections (UTIs). In addition, the potential complications of neurogenic urinary disorders (reflux, stone formation, incomplete emptying of the bladder), and the methods of urine drainage (intermittent or indwelling catheters, urinary diversion) contribute even more to UTIs. In neuro-patients, all UTIs are considered as complicated ones and there is a different microbiology as compared to the general population. In this chapter, inductive factors for UTIs in neuro-patients will be analyzed and the potential solutions will be exposed. There is a special mention in asymptomatic bacteriuria, which is correlated to neurogenic urinary dysfunction and it is clinically total different from UTI. Asymptomatic bacteriuria should not be treated as the treatment has a negative final outcome for the patient.","PeriodicalId":203083,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infections - Microbial Agents and Predisposing Factors","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132932952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Microbiology of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection 导尿管相关性尿路感染的微生物学研究
Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infections - Microbial Agents and Predisposing Factors Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80080
M. I. Majumder, T. Ahmed, Saleh Ahmed, A. Khan
{"title":"Microbiology of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection","authors":"M. I. Majumder, T. Ahmed, Saleh Ahmed, A. Khan","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80080","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common ailment worldwide with female predominance. Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common healthcare related infection commonly used in urinary obstruction and incontinence in critically ill patients with prolonged indwelling catheterization means more than 30 days, which is almost invariable in all patients within 14 days of catheterization which increases mor- bidity and mortality and treatment expenses. Approximately 80% of nosocomial UTI is CAUTI. CAUTI may be asymptomatic and symptomatic. 2–4% cases may develop bacter- aemia. Organisms responsible for CAUTI is similar to UTI as Escherichia coli the commonest than proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Enterococci, Candida, Serratia and rarely with Delftia tsuruhatensis , Achromobacter xylosoxidans and few others. CAUTI can be multibacterial. In CAUTI infective organisms form biofilm and propagate from there. E. coli is the most common isolate of CAUTI but Enterobacter cloacae exhibit highest biofilm production. CAUTI organisms are more antibiotic resistance than UTI. Even due to extensive use of antibiotics now Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing CAUTI organisms are isolated from catheter biofilm. enterococci or yeasts appears to be lower than that for gram-negative bacilli. Dipstick testing for nitrites and leukocyte esterase was also shown to be unhelpful in establishing a diagnosis in catheterized patients hospitalized in the ICU [ 17 ].","PeriodicalId":203083,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infections - Microbial Agents and Predisposing Factors","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116719828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity of Uropathogenic Enterococcus faecalis Strains Isolated in the Primorsky Region of Russia 俄罗斯滨海边疆区尿路致病性粪肠球菌的表型和遗传多样性
Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infections - Microbial Agents and Predisposing Factors Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80485
Zaitseva Elena Aleksandrovna, Komenkova Tatiana Sergeevna, Melnikova Elena Aleksandrovna, Shadrin Andrey Mikhailovich, Luchaninova Valentina Nikolaevna
{"title":"Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity of Uropathogenic Enterococcus faecalis Strains Isolated in the Primorsky Region of Russia","authors":"Zaitseva Elena Aleksandrovna, Komenkova Tatiana Sergeevna, Melnikova Elena Aleksandrovna, Shadrin Andrey Mikhailovich, Luchaninova Valentina Nikolaevna","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80485","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a topical problem of the contemporary pediatrics, pediatric nephrology, and urology. E. faecalis isolated from urine of children was the most important factor in development of UTIs at departments for newborns in Primorsky region. The variability of biochemical and fermentation activities of pathogenicity factors and resistance to antibiotics suggested a phenotypic heterogeneity of E. faecalis . It was found that uropathogenic enterococci characterized with proteolytic activity are resistant to antibacterial agents with different action mechanisms. Clinical isolates of E. faecalis contained two and more studied pathogenicity genes. Eleven variants of genes combinations, which code pathogenicity factors of E. faecalis, were identified. Uropathogenic E. faecalis strains attributed to ST6, ST40, ST179, ST774, and ST116 are resistant to four and more groups of antimicrobial agents. Our research confirmed high virulence properties of E. faecalis iso- lated from urine of patients with and their manifestations depending on the patient ’ s age. Clinically significant E. faecalis strains have a complex of virulent properties, which allow the bacteria to materialize their pathogenic potential on all stages of the inflammation process in urinary system.","PeriodicalId":203083,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infections - Microbial Agents and Predisposing Factors","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124538455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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