Forensic Science eJournal最新文献

Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Gunshot Residues in Various Populations Using LC-MS/MS 用LC-MS/MS评价不同人群中有机和无机枪弹残留物

Forensic Science eJournal Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3945297

W. Feeney, Korina Menking-Hoggatt, Luis E. Arroyo, J. Curran, S. Bell, T. Trejos

{"title":"Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Gunshot Residues in Various Populations Using LC-MS/MS","authors":"W. Feeney, Korina Menking-Hoggatt, Luis E. Arroyo, J. Curran, S. Bell, T. Trejos","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3945297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3945297","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigated the prevalence of organic and inorganic gunshot residue within two main subpopulations, 1) non-shooters, including groups with low- and high-risk of potentially containing GSR-like residues, and 2) individuals involved in a firing event (shooters, bystanders, and shooters performing post-shooting activities). The study analyzed over 400 samples via a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methodology with complexing agents. Exploratory statistical tools and machine learning algorithms (neural networks, NN) were used to evaluate the resulting mass spectral and quantitative data. This study observed lower occurrences of OGSR compounds in the non-shooter populations compared to IGSR analytes. The presence of GSR on authentic shooters versus other potential sources of false positives, such as bystanders and professions including police officers, agricultural workers, and mechanics, were further assessed by utilizing machine learning algorithms trained with the observed OGSR/IGSR traces. The probability of false negatives was also estimated with groups who performed regular activities after firing. Additionally, the low-risk background set allowed documentation of GSR occurrence in the general population. The probabilistic outputs of the neural network models were utilized to calculate likelihood ratios (LR) to measure the weight of the evidence. Using both the IGSR and OGSR profiles, the NN model’s accuracy ranged from 90 to 99%, depending on the subpopulation complexity. The log-LR histograms and Tippet plots show the method can discriminate between each sub-population and low rates of misleading evidence, suggesting that the proposed approach can be effectively used for a probabilistic interpretation of GSR evidence.","PeriodicalId":202601,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science eJournal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129224787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Dark Web in the Dark: Investigating when Transactions Take Place on Cryptomarkets 黑暗中的暗网:调查交易何时在加密市场上发生

Forensic Science eJournal Pub Date : 2020-12-11 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3754071

Y. Tsuchiya, Naoki Hiramoto

{"title":"Dark Web in the Dark: Investigating when Transactions Take Place on Cryptomarkets","authors":"Y. Tsuchiya, Naoki Hiramoto","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3754071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3754071","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Online illicit marketplaces known as cryptomarkets have gained considerable attention from the media, government authorities, law enforcement agencies, and researchers. An increasing number of studies have investigated various aspects of these cryptomarkets' characteristics, such as product categories, sale volumes, and the number of listings and vendors. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding whether illegal transactions (of illicit drugs) take place during the day or week. This study fills this gap by tracing Bitcoin addresses associated with the six previously leading and most active cryptomarkets—Silk Road, Silk Road 2.0, Agora, Evolution, Nucleus, and Abraxas—to identify the specific timings of these transactions. This study reveals clear patterns of activity on the marketplaces. First, transactions more often take place at night in European countries (Germany, Netherlands, the UK), the US, and Canada, where the cryptomarket drug trade is most active. Second, there are more transactions on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesdays, and fewer on Saturdays and Sundays. This indicates that the retail drug trade accounts for a large part of the cryptomarkets. Further, this study examines the impact of a cryptomarket policing effort known as Operation Onymous, and indicates that this policing effort only displaced users among these marketplaces and did not deter their activity, even in the short-term. It also suggests that Operation Onymous did not alter users’ transaction patterns.","PeriodicalId":202601,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114074368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Frequentist Methods for Statistical Inference 统计推断的频率方法

Forensic Science eJournal Pub Date : 2020-01-20 DOI: 10.1201/9780367527709-2

D. Kaye

引用次数: 0

Modern Issues in Cyber Forensics and Digital Intelligence: A Critical, Case-Studies-Based Overview in Light of the Announced Legislative Reforms 网络取证和数字情报中的现代问题:基于已宣布的立法改革的关键案例研究综述

Forensic Science eJournal Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.32091/RIID0011

Stefano Fantin, G. Specchio, P. Valcke

{"title":"Modern Issues in Cyber Forensics and Digital Intelligence: A Critical, Case-Studies-Based Overview in Light of the Announced Legislative Reforms","authors":"Stefano Fantin, G. Specchio, P. Valcke","doi":"10.32091/RIID0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32091/RIID0011","url":null,"abstract":"While both international and European law-makers are currently in the process of introducing new laws re-gulating the fight against cybercrime and the exchange of digital evidence amongst competent authorities,this paper elaborates on a series of investigative challenges deriving from the application of current cyber-crime norms in a number of jurisdictions, unveiling a tension between the current legal system and its in-terpretation by the law enforcement and judicial community. This study analyzes the research undertakenon the legal and regulatory uncertainties observed in the Italian framework, as well as in other Europeanand non-European jurisdictions, by ways of comparative analysis. The main international legal instrumenton cybercrime is the Council of Europe’s Convention on Cybercrime (‘Cybercrime Convention’), signed in2001 and then ratified by almost 60 countries worldwide over the last 17 years. Aimed at raising awarenessto national and international policy and law makers, this paper intends to critically demonstrate how theimplementation of such a treaty into domestic laws has not always been smooth. It often presents interpre-tative issues, which add up to the growing difficulties for both law enforcement and judicial bodies to copewith the challenges arising by countering new and innovative forms of criminal activities in the cyberspace.","PeriodicalId":202601,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science eJournal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125225720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic Examination of Soil Samples from the Point of View of Physico-Chemical Expertise 从理化鉴定的角度对土壤样品进行法医鉴定

Forensic Science eJournal Pub Date : 2019-08-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3459624

Georgiana Mardare (Balusescu), Nicoleta-Elena Hegheș

{"title":"Forensic Examination of Soil Samples from the Point of View of Physico-Chemical Expertise","authors":"Georgiana Mardare (Balusescu), Nicoleta-Elena Hegheș","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3459624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3459624","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of forensic expertise in the analysis of soil samples has been recognized for a century now, but over the last 20 years, these types of evidence have been much more widely used both as an investigative tool and as evidence in court. Forensic Chemistry is at the crossroads of science with the law, being a discipline apart from its applicability to the judiciary. Samples are obtained from various objects and often contain only very small amounts of chemicals. Most of the time, the sample harvested on the spot is no longer sampled, but it is actually the sample to be analyzed. This is also the condition of aggregation of the sample, the homogeneity of the sample/matrix or the compounds sought. Sometimes, however, even the evidence can be considered chemically homogeneous, and then representative samples (paints, textiles, plastics, etc.) can be sampled. The rest of the materials are heterogeneous (soil, building materials, fire residues, etc.). The extremely rapid evolution of science in recent years has resulted in the development of new, powerful and performing technologies. This evolution and the refinement of analytical tools make it possible at present to perform forensic investigations at the smallest scale of dimensions, with greater sensitivity and with great differentiation intervals. At the same time it is possible to discover unpredictable or previously inaccessible samples.","PeriodicalId":202601,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115804685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Some Aspects of Forensic Identification 法医鉴定的一些方面

Forensic Science eJournal Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3434113

Lucia Cerasela Balan

引用次数: 0

Investigating Complex Financial Crime: A Case Study Inspired by the Polly Peck PLC Fraud 调查复杂的金融犯罪:由Polly Peck PLC诈骗案启发的案例研究

Forensic Science eJournal Pub Date : 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3324273

P. Eisenberg

引用次数: 1

The Effectiveness of White-Collar Crime Enforcement: Evidence from the War on Terror 白领犯罪执法的有效性:来自反恐战争的证据

Forensic Science eJournal Pub Date : 2017-11-07 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3117719

Trung Nguyen

引用次数: 5