Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology最新文献

A Rational Approach to Risk Management of Suicidality vs.Torsades de Pointes (TdP) in Relation to the Prescribing ofAntipsychotic Medication 与抗精神病药物处方相关的自杀与点扭(TdP)风险管理的理性方法

Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology Pub Date : 2020-09-10 DOI: 10.33805/2638-8235.116

Megna James, David Lehmann, Vishal Anugu, Maggie Lynch

引用次数: 0

TRACK (by NEHEP) Implementation: A Bangladesh Scenario TRACK(由NEHEP)实施:孟加拉国情景

Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.33805/2638-8235.113

Abdul Kader Mohiuddin

{"title":"TRACK (by NEHEP) Implementation: A Bangladesh Scenario","authors":"Abdul Kader Mohiuddin","doi":"10.33805/2638-8235.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2638-8235.113","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), biological risk factors, such as hyperglycemia, are a major public health concern in Bangladesh. Optimization of diabetes management by positive lifestyle changes is urgently required for prevention of comorbidities and complications, which in turn will reduce the cost. Diabetes had 2 times more days of inpatient treatment, 1.3 times more outpatient visits, and nearly 10 times more medications than non-diabetes patients, as reported by British Medical Journal. And surprisingly, 80% of people with this so called Rich Man’s Disease live in low-and middle-income countries. According to a recent study of American Medical Association, China and India collectively are home of nearly 110 million diabetic patients. The prevalence of diabetes in this region is projected to increase by 71% by 2035. Bangladesh was ranked as the 8th highest diabetic populous country in the time period of 2010-2011. In Bangladesh, the estimated prevalence of diabetes among adults was 9.7% in 2011 and the number is projected to be 13.7 million by 2045. The cost of diabetes care is considerably high in Bangladesh, and it is primarily driven by the medicine and hospitalization costs. According to Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, in 2017 the annual average cost per Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) was $864.7, which is 52% of per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Bangladesh and 9.8 times higher than the general health care cost. Medicine is the highest source of direct cost (around 85%) for patients without hospitalization. The private and public financing of diabetes treatment will be severely constrained in near future, representing a health threat for the Bangladeshi population.","PeriodicalId":19785,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81227656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Awareness of Veterinary Drug Retail Outlets on Antimicrobial Resistance and its Containment Strategy in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚兽药零售网点对抗菌素耐药性的认识及其遏制战略

Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology Pub Date : 2019-09-16 DOI: 10.33805/2638-8235.111

Hailu Zeru, A. Gemechu, Tenaw Andualem, Hayat Seid, Fikadu Mengesha

{"title":"Awareness of Veterinary Drug Retail Outlets on Antimicrobial Resistance and its Containment Strategy in Ethiopia","authors":"Hailu Zeru, A. Gemechu, Tenaw Andualem, Hayat Seid, Fikadu Mengesha","doi":"10.33805/2638-8235.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2638-8235.111","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2018 to assess the awareness of veterinary drug retail outlets on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and the availability of veterinary antimicrobials in these facilities. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire from a total of 108 retail outlets. The study revealed that there is a difficulty to treat infectious diseases of animals because of AMR which is reported by 70 (64.8%) of the respondents. 80.6% of the respondents believe that use of wrong antimicrobial is the possible cause of AMR and 79.6% use of counterfeit or poor quality antimicrobials, and 70.4% owners self-prescription of medicines for their animals. 59 (54.6%) of them also answered poor husbandry practices such as overcrowding, poor hygiene and sanitation, and poor feeding practice are the possible causes of AMR while 8 (7.4%) and 9 (8.3%) of the respondents do not know the reason for the AMR development and possible solutions for AMR containment, respectively. Only 24 (22.2%) of the dispensers have taken training on antimicrobial selection, use, resistance and resistance containment. Even though antimicrobials such as Oxytetracycline are available in around 90% of the retail outlets, only 70 (64.8%) of the retail outlets receive an average of 14 prescriptions (ranging from one to 200) per week from public and private clinics which shows a practice of antimicrobials dispensing without prescription. Therefore, strong mainstreaming strategies to prevent and control AMR should be developed and implemented. Antimicrobials prescription and dispensing practice should also be well regulated to avoid irrational prescription and dispensing practices.","PeriodicalId":19785,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74461080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Glycemic Index of Selected Foods in Jamaica 牙买加选定食物的升糖指数

Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology Pub Date : 2019-05-02 DOI: 10.33805/2638-8235.110

Ryan D. Francis, P. Bahado-Singh, A. Wheatley, A. Smith, H. Asemota

{"title":"Glycemic Index of Selected Foods in Jamaica","authors":"Ryan D. Francis, P. Bahado-Singh, A. Wheatley, A. Smith, H. Asemota","doi":"10.33805/2638-8235.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2638-8235.110","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fruits, vegetables and legumes for their complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber and micronutrients, should form an essential part of every diet. In order to give good dietary advice to diabetic patients, it is necessary to know the glycemic index of foods commonly consumed locally. The objective of this study was to determine the Glycemic Index (GI) and Glycemic Load (GL) of commonly available and consumed Guava (Psidium guajava), Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris), Gungo (Cajanus cajan), Papaya (Carica papaya) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in Jamaica.\u0000Methods: Ten (10) healthy Jamaican subjects (5 males, 5 females) with mean age 30 ± 2 years and mean BMI 25 ± 1 kg/m2 were recruited to the study. Using a non-blind, crossover design trial, the subjects consumed 50 (or 25) grams of available carbohydrate portions of glucose (standard food) and test foods after an overnight fast and their serum glucose levels were determined at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the consumption of each test food. Glucose was tested on three separate occasions, and the test foods once. The GI value was calculated geometrically by expressing the Incremental Area Under the Blood Glucose Curve (IAUC) for the test foods as a percentage of each subject's average IAUC for the standard food.\u0000Results: The results indicated that the IAUC for Watermelon (95 ± 11) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of Tomato (37 ± 12), and Gungo (58 ± 13). The differences in IAUC of Watermelon (95 ± 11), Guava (83 ± 27) and Papaya (80 ± 7) were not statistically significant. Similarly, there was no significant difference in GI among the samples studied. \u0000Conclusion: Tomato, Gungo, Papaya Watermelon and Guava were shown to have low glycemic index and glycemic load values.","PeriodicalId":19785,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82851832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Role of Stem Cells in Health Science and Medicine 干细胞在健康科学和医学中的作用

Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology Pub Date : 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.33805/2638-8235.109

Rimsha Imam, A. Saeed, R. Iqbal

引用次数: 0

Pharmacoepidemiology in the Prevention of Adverse Drug Reactions 预防药物不良反应的药物流行病学

Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-816183-8.00003-2

S. Nour, G. Plourde

引用次数: 4

Food and Drug Act and Regulations 食品药品法案和法规

Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816183-8.15003-6

引用次数: 1

Resources for Readers 读者参考资料

Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816183-8.15004-8

引用次数: 0

Glossary of Pharmacoepidemiology Terms 药物流行病学术语表

Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816183-8.15002-4

引用次数: 0

Effect of Kaempferol, Diminazene Aceturate and their Combination on Hematological Parameters in Trypanosoma 山奈酚、醋酸地咪那烯及其联合用药对锥虫血液学参数的影响

Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology Pub Date : 2018-08-08 DOI: 10.33805/2638-8235.108

Muhammad, Jatau, Chiroma

{"title":"Effect of Kaempferol, Diminazene Aceturate and their Combination on Hematological Parameters in Trypanosoma","authors":"Muhammad, Jatau, Chiroma","doi":"10.33805/2638-8235.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2638-8235.108","url":null,"abstract":"Kaempferol is a polyphenolic compound and are widely distributed in plants. It is used in the treatment of different disease conditions. With the endemic resistant parasites against most antitrypanosomal agents and the toxicity associated with diminazene aceturate, the search for safer and more effective alternative therapy of trypanosomosis becomes paramount. In this study the effect of treatment with kaempferol and diminazene aceturate on Hematological parameters in mice with experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection was evaluated. Thirty six adult swiss albino mice of either sex were randomly divided into six groups of six mice each. Mice in group I were untreated uninfected. Mice in group II were pre-treated with kaempferol (1 mg/kg) for 14 days. Mice in groups II to VI each were inoculated with blood containing Trypanosoma brucei brucei (106 trypanosomes/ml of blood/animal) intraperitoneally. Following establishment of the infection (four days post-inoculation), mice in group III were treated once with diminazene aceturate (3.5 mg/kg) I.P. Mice in group IV were treated with diminazene aceturate (3.5 mg/kg) once I.P, and then continued with kaempferol (1 mg/kg) for nine days.","PeriodicalId":19785,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82243136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1