{"title":"The Nianfo in Ōbaku Zen: a Look at the Teachings of the Three Founding Masters","authors":"James Baskind","doi":"10.1163/9789004401518_032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004401518_032","url":null,"abstract":"To the Edo-period Japanese Zen monks, one of the most striking aspects of the obaku school was the practice of reciting the Buddha’s name (nianfo 念仏) within their teaching and training practices. For an accurate assessment of the obaku school’s true stance on the practice of the nianfo, however, it is necessary to investigate the writings and teachings of the school’s founding masters, the very figures who established and codified what came to be seen as standard practice: Yinyuan Longqi 隠元隆琦 (J. Ingen RyØki, 1592-1673), Muan Xingtao 木庵性瑫 (J. Mokuan ShØtØ, 1611-1684), and Jifei Ruyi 即非如一 (J. Sokuhi Nyoitsu, 1616-1671). It was the Japanese reaction to this practice that led to the accusation that the obaku monks were practicing an adulterated form of Zen that was contaminated by Pure Land elements. It remains, however, that much of the misunderstanding regarding nianfo practice can be assigned to the Japanese unfamiliarity with the doctrinal underpinnings of the Ming Buddhist models that the obaku monks brought to Japan. (Mohr 1994: 348, 364) This paper will attempt to clarify the nianfo teachings of these three foundational obaku masters.","PeriodicalId":196255,"journal":{"name":"Japanese religions","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122827955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ambivalence Regarding Women and Female Gender in Premodern Shin Buddhism","authors":"G. Amstutz","doi":"10.1163/9789004401518_021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004401518_021","url":null,"abstract":"Buddhism's historical attitudes towards women and female gender were ambivalent and inconsistent. In Pure Land Buddhism generally, such instability was seemingly marked in the concept of henjō nanshi, the idea that women would be born in the Pure Land as males, but the historical interpretations of this idea were ambiguous. In Japan, women's participation in Buddhism was complex even before the advent of the Kamakura reformers; subsequently Japan's Jōdo Shin-shū tradition retained a similar character. This article focuses on texts and their audience receptions. The original texts of Shinran contained apparent contradictions, especially about henjō nanshi, because of the way their rhetoric was formed creatively out of earlier Buddhist language. However, gender differentiation does not seem to have been a major problematic in Shinrari's essential thought. Furthermore, it appears that in practice women in Shin tradition adopted multiple interpretations (often ones favorable to women) from the very beginning. The initial issues recurred historically and can be traced through the proselytizer Zonkaku, the \"middle founder\" Rennyo, and Tokugawa-period writings, over a long span of historical evolution in which in the background women's social power in Japan declined. In the historical context it is hard to identify Shin women's subjectivity with clarity.","PeriodicalId":196255,"journal":{"name":"Japanese religions","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134273520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Christianity and the Notion of Nothingness","authors":"K. Muto, J. V. Bragt","doi":"10.1163/9789004228429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004228429","url":null,"abstract":"The Christian philosopher Muto Kazuo contributed substantially to the predominantly Buddhist “Kyoto School of Philosophy.” Through critical exchange with its representatives, he opened up new perceptions of Christian faith, enabled mutual understanding between Buddhism and Christianity, and challenged the Western dialectical method.","PeriodicalId":196255,"journal":{"name":"Japanese religions","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114830703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Problem of Self-Centeredness as the Root-Source of Human Suffering","authors":"M. Abe","doi":"10.1007/978-1-349-13454-0_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13454-0_5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":196255,"journal":{"name":"Japanese religions","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121625307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}