The Survival NexusPub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190946265.003.0015
C. Weiss
{"title":"Playing with Fire","authors":"C. Weiss","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190946265.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190946265.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Post–World War II regimes for global problems are now dated and under stress. They need strengthening and updating. Controls are needed to prevent pandemics, limit climate change, and avoid nuclear war. New technologies require new norms and codes of conduct to guide expected behavior of governments, businesses, NGOs, and individuals. These must be developed against the background of the rise of authoritarian rivals. Russia seeks to undermine democratic powers by disinformation, China to surpass them via information and communications technology. This chapter proposes cross-culturally acceptable norms: respect for facts and evolving knowledge; cooperation; avoiding harm and minimizing risk; equity, sustainability, and participation; and accountability. Science and technology are ubiquitous in world affairs, linked to politics, economics, business, law, psychology, and culture. This synthesis deserves recognition as an academic discipline. The book ends on a fundamental ethical issue: what are people willing to do today to avoid future catastrophic damage?","PeriodicalId":194094,"journal":{"name":"The Survival Nexus","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124748264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Survival NexusPub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190946265.003.0011
C. Weiss
{"title":"Cyberwarfare and Cybersecurity","authors":"C. Weiss","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190946265.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190946265.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Information warfare is part of the technology-based challenge by China and Russia to the post–World War II liberal order. Russia uses traditional and social media in a long-range, systematic, worldwide disinformation campaign to undermine Western democracies and alliances and the idea of objective truth. China seeks to dominate the technology, management, and policy of the future Internet through its competitive 5G technology, so as to surpass the United States politically and technologically. It exports the techno-authoritarian system of mass surveillance and artificial intelligence that it developed to control its Uyghur minority. Like a nuclear attack, a large-scale cyberattack could spiral out of control into a cyber-apocalypse in the absence of agreed guidelines. But to authoritarian governments, the free flow of information is also a form of cyberattack, complicating negotiations. It is critically important to develop internationally agreed norms for cyberwarfare, building on the Tallinn Manual and similar efforts. This will take time.","PeriodicalId":194094,"journal":{"name":"The Survival Nexus","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124263059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Survival NexusPub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190946265.003.0009
C. Weiss
{"title":"Globalization and the Burden of Disease","authors":"C. Weiss","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190946265.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190946265.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"More equitable and need-oriented funding of health services and research would safeguard everyone’s health. Worldwide health expenditures on health disproportionately address problems of the well-off, while research on diseases like malaria affecting hundreds of millions of mostly low-income people are underfunded. Nor are sufficient resources devoted to mental illness, traffic injuries, and natural disasters. As people in low-income countries live longer, chronic, non-communicable, and lifestyle diseases add to long-standing burdens of infectious and parasitic disease, and maternal and child health. This epidemiological transition calls for universal access to health services, which will also improve these countries’ ability to detect and respond to infectious diseases like the COVID-19 pandemic. The World Health Organization, coordinator of global epidemic response, needs to be freed from its downward spiral of decreased effectiveness, frozen funding, and increased politicization. Statistics on global causes of death and disability elevate the importance of social determinants of health.","PeriodicalId":194094,"journal":{"name":"The Survival Nexus","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123712208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Survival NexusPub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190946265.003.0005
C. Weiss
{"title":"Nuclear Issues","authors":"C. Weiss","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190946265.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190946265.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"The world is closer to catastrophic, accidental nuclear war than it has been in decades. The successful regimes for arms control and nonproliferation, constructed by diplomats and scientists during the Cold War, have been undermined and deconstructed without serious efforts to replace them. The gravity of the nuclear threat is not widely recognized. Hundreds of nuclear missiles are ready for launch on a few minutes’ notice in accordance with the doctrine of mutually assured destruction (MAD). Political leaders are increasingly willing to threaten to use nuclear weapons. Tactical nuclear weapons blur once-clear distinctions between atomic and conventional weapons, eroding the taboo against using nuclear weapons. Hypersonic missiles, autonomous weapons, and artificial intelligence make it easier to blunder into nuclear war. Nuclear issues require detailed understanding and respect for the interactions of science, technology, and world affairs. An annex to the chapter gives a brief introduction to nuclear science and technology.","PeriodicalId":194094,"journal":{"name":"The Survival Nexus","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131280303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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