{"title":"The hostile environment","authors":"I. Greaves, K. Porter","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198734949.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734949.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-hospital care and emergency medicine in the hostile environment poses particular challenges for those providing care to the patient. This chapter covers hypothermia, cold injury, avalanche rescue, heat-related illness, drowning and near drowning, diving emergencies, and electrocution injury. For each environment, mechanisms, diagnosis, and management are listed.","PeriodicalId":191455,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Pre-hospital Care","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121767784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trauma","authors":"I. Greaves, K. Porter","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198734949.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734949.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter starts with assessment and treatment of the time-critical trauma patient. It describes the primary survey in detail, with clear highlighted sections on areas of express concern or danger. The ‘two Hs’ and ‘two Ts’ of traumatic cardiac arrest are fully covered. The secondary survey is outlined, before moving on to specific forms of trauma and management. Head and neck injuries, maxillofacial injuries, chest injuries, abdominal and genitourinary trauma, bone and joint injuries are all covered, including causes, treatment, and potential problems. Regional injuries are then covered, including the upper limb, the wrist, finger fractures, pelvic injuries, and the lower limb. Complications of fractures are explained. Soft tissue injuries are also covered by region. Human and animal bites and tetanus-prone wounds, spinal injuries, amputation, blast and gunshot injuries, burns, and inhalation injuries are also explained.","PeriodicalId":191455,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Pre-hospital Care","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124122917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Child health","authors":"I. Greaves, K. Porter","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198734949.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734949.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter covers managing the acutely ill or injured child. It starts with taking a history from a child, and ways of communicating with the child. Direct questions to ask from carers are also listed. The assessment of children is detailed, and recognition of ABC problems is covered, alongside the management of ABC emergencies. Paediatric emergencies and their treatment are explained, and life support of children is included. Trauma in children (the leading cause of death in children over 1 year of age) and management, consent, analgesia, and child abuse and neglect are all contained in this chapter. Finally, paediatric drug doses are tabulated.","PeriodicalId":191455,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Pre-hospital Care","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131199960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Poisoning","authors":"I. Greaves, K. Porter","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198734949.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734949.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter begins by describing the approach to the poisoned patient, including airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure. Differential diagnoses and those that should be excluded are explained. Diagnostic clues and symptom complexes are tabulated. Different poisons are then covered in turn, with their general and clinical features and management strategies detailed. A second section on substance abuse follows. The presentation and management of commonly abused drugs are described, alongside a dictionary of street names.","PeriodicalId":191455,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Pre-hospital Care","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121037165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Formulary","authors":"I. Greaves, Keith R. Porter","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198734949.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734949.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the drugs most commonly used in pre-hospital care. As a result, it is restricted to indications which are likely to be encountered in the pre-hospital management of patients and only describes formulations which are used in these circumstances. For example, the use of oral amiodarone is not discussed, neither is the use of oral steroids in the management of chronic inflammatory conditions, although intravenous steroids in acute asthma and anaphylaxis are mentioned. Significant acute side-effects are listed.","PeriodicalId":191455,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Pre-hospital Care","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124679502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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