Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications [Working Title]最新文献

Chitosan Based Biocomposites for Hard Tissue Engineering 壳聚糖基硬组织工程生物复合材料

Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.98468

F. Dabbarh, Noureddin Elbakali-Kassimi, M. Berrada

{"title":"Chitosan Based Biocomposites for Hard Tissue Engineering","authors":"F. Dabbarh, Noureddin Elbakali-Kassimi, M. Berrada","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.98468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.98468","url":null,"abstract":"Bone is the second most transplanted organ, just after blood. It provides structural support, protection for organs and soft tissues. It holds some critical biological processes such as the bone marrow blood forming system. It is responsible for storing and supplying minerals such calcium and phosphate. Bone is a connective tissue formed by two predominant phases: an inorganic phase containing mainly apatitic calcium and phosphate and an organic phase made of fibrous type I collagen. This natural biocomposite has many biological features such osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, osteogenicity and is subject to a continuous remodeling process through osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities. In biomedical engineering, the restoration of damaged hard tissue with autologous bone is not always possible or even the best option. The development of some safe and low-cost alternatives such as biocomposites that mimic organic and calcified bone materials have shown very good results and offer an alternative to autologous bone implants. However, the mechanical properties of biocomposites still present a big challenge as a hard tissue substitute. This chapter reviews the properties of bone substitute materials chitosan and calcium phosphates, discusses strategies used in the treatment of calcified hard tissues as well as new approaches developed in this field.","PeriodicalId":190194,"journal":{"name":"Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications [Working Title]","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128389921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Wound Dressing Application of Ch/CD Nanocomposite Film Ch/CD纳米复合膜在伤口敷料中的应用

Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-03-28 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95107

R. Kandra, S. Bajpai

{"title":"Wound Dressing Application of Ch/CD Nanocomposite Film","authors":"R. Kandra, S. Bajpai","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95107","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, carbon dots (CDs), obtained through microwave assisted synthesis from butane tetra carboxylic acid (BTCA), was introduced into chitosan film via simple solvent casting approach. The CDs had an average diameter of 40 to 60 nm as determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. They possessed a zeta potential of −20.2 mV. The X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed presence of carboxylate groups on the surface of carbon dots. The XRD of both the plain sample Ch/CD (0) and carbon dots loaded sample Ch/CD(2) showed two crystalline sharp peaks at 14.6 and 18.1 degree, along with presence of amorphous region also. The moisture absorption data was well fitted on GAB isotherm and the profiles obtained were sigmoidal. The water vapor permeation rates for the sample Ch/CD(0) and Ch/CD(2) were found to be 1758 and 956 g/m2 /day respectively. The film samples Ch/CD(0) and Ch/CD(20 expanded 2.8 and 103 times when immersed in 4% gelatin solution for 4 h. The % hemolysis for the samples Ch/CD(0) and Ch/CD(2) was 2.12 and 1.11 respectively, thus indicating biocompatible nature of the films. In the ex-vivo mucoadhesion study, the maximum detachment force (Fmax) was 88.22 and 46.28 mN for the samples Ch/CD(0) and Ch/CD(2) respectively. Finally, both of the samples, namely Ch/CD (0) and Ch/CD(2) scored “0”, suggesting their non-cell cytotoxic nature.","PeriodicalId":190194,"journal":{"name":"Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications [Working Title]","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114932261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chitosan-Based Oral Drug Delivery System for Peptide, Protein and Vaccine Delivery 基于壳聚糖的多肽、蛋白质和疫苗口服给药系统

Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-03-19 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95771

Siti Zuhairah Zainuddin, K. A. Hamid

{"title":"Chitosan-Based Oral Drug Delivery System for Peptide, Protein and Vaccine Delivery","authors":"Siti Zuhairah Zainuddin, K. A. Hamid","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95771","url":null,"abstract":"Oral delivery is the most common and preferred route of drug administration due to its convenience and ease of administration. However, various factors such as poor solubility, low dissolution rate, stability, and bioavailability of many drugs remain an ongoing challenge in achieving desired therapeutic levels. The delivery of drugs must overcome various obstacles, including the acidic gastric environment, the presence of the intestinal efflux and influx transporters and the continuous secretion of mucus that protects the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). As the number and chemical diversity of drugs has increased, various strategies are required to develop orally active therapeutics. One of the approaches is to use chitosan as a carrier for oral delivery of peptides, proteins as well as vaccines delivery. Chitosan, a non-toxic N-deacetylated derivative of chitin appears to be under intensive progress during the last years towards the development of safe and efficient chitosan-based drug delivery systems. This polymer has been recognised as a versatile biomaterial because of its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. This chapter reviews the physicochemical characteristics of chitosan and the strategies that have been successfully applied to improve oral proteins, peptides, and vaccines bioavailability, primarily through various formulation strategies.","PeriodicalId":190194,"journal":{"name":"Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications [Working Title]","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114508712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Ternary Solid Dispersion Strategy for Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drugs by Co-Milling Technique 用共磨技术提高难溶性药物溶解度的三元固体分散策略

Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-02-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95518

Marouene Bejaoui, Hanene Oueslati, Haykel Galai

{"title":"Ternary Solid Dispersion Strategy for Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drugs by Co-Milling Technique","authors":"Marouene Bejaoui, Hanene Oueslati, Haykel Galai","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95518","url":null,"abstract":"Amorphous ternary solid dispersion has become one of the strategies commonly used for improving the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. Such multicomponent solid dispersion can be obtained by different techniques, this chapter provides an overview of ternary solid dispersion by co-milling method from the perspectives of physico-chemical characteristics in vitro and in vivo performance. A considerable improvement of solubility was obtained for many active pharmaceutical ingredients (e.g., Ibuprofen, Probucol, Gliclazid, Fenofibrate, Ibrutinib and Naproxen) and this was correlated to the synergy of multiple factors (hydrophilicity enhancement, particle size reduction, drug-carrier interactions, anti-plasticizing effect and complexation efficiency). This enhanced pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability of these drug molecules (1.49 to 15-folds increase in plasma drug concentration). A particular focus was accorded to compare the ternary and binary system including Ibuprofen and highlighting the contribution of thermal and spectral characterization techniques. The addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30), a low molecular weight molecule, into the binary solid dispersion (Ibuprofen/β-cyclodextrin), leads to a 1.5–2 folds increase in the drug intrinsic dissolution rate only after 10 min. This resulted from physical stabilization of amorphous Ibuprofen by reducing its molecular mobility and inhibiting its recristallization even under stress conditions (75% RH and T = 40°C for six months).","PeriodicalId":190194,"journal":{"name":"Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications [Working Title]","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134393486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Modulating the Physicochemical Properties of Chitin and Chitosan as a Method of Obtaining New Biological Properties of Biodegradable Materials 调节几丁质和壳聚糖的理化性质是获得生物降解材料新生物学特性的一种方法

Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications [Working Title] Pub Date : 2021-02-02 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95815

Ilona Latańska, P. Rosiak, Paulina Paul, W. Sujka, B. Kolesińska

{"title":"Modulating the Physicochemical Properties of Chitin and Chitosan as a Method of Obtaining New Biological Properties of Biodegradable Materials","authors":"Ilona Latańska, P. Rosiak, Paulina Paul, W. Sujka, B. Kolesińska","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95815","url":null,"abstract":"Physical and chemical modifications of chitin and chitosan allow for obtaining new functional properties of the natural polymers. This is a particularly valuable feature for the design and manufacture of new materials for medical applications. Due to their wide and varied biological activity, chitin and chitosan materials are increasingly used as dressing materials with antibacterial and hemostatic properties and as materials accelerating the regeneration of damaged tissues because of stimulation of granulation tissue formation, re-epithelialization and reduction of the formation of scar tissue. In addition, chitosan derivatives have antifungal, antiviral, anticancer activity. The increasing use of chitin and chitosan also has a positive impact on the environment, as it is obtained as a result of chitin deacetylation, usually isolated from shellfish shells. The main source of chitin is waste coating of crustaceans. The annual natural reproducibility of chitin by biosynthesis is estimated at 2–3 billion tons. Our interest in the use of biodegradable biopolymers derived from chitin concerns the design, synthesis in laboratory scale, testing new material properties and the final implementation of new developments for industrial practice of new dressing materials useful in the treatment of bleeding wounds (haemostatic properties) as well as in the regeneration of wounds and ulcers of various etiologies. Examples of chitin-based dressing materials introduced by Tricomed SA are Medisorb R Ag, Medisorb R Membrane, Medisorb R Powder and Tromboguard®.","PeriodicalId":190194,"journal":{"name":"Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications [Working Title]","volume":"244 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115833888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Gastrointestinal Delivery of APIs from Chitosan Nanoparticles 壳聚糖纳米颗粒胃肠道递送原料药的研究

Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications [Working Title] Pub Date : 2020-12-23 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.95363

Rayan Sabra, N. Billa

{"title":"Gastrointestinal Delivery of APIs from Chitosan Nanoparticles","authors":"Rayan Sabra, N. Billa","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.95363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95363","url":null,"abstract":"Successful clinical treatment outcomes rely on achieving optimal systemic delivery of therapeutics. The oral route of administering Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) remains formidable because of ease to the patient and convenience. Yet, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) poses several barriers that need to be surmounted prior to systemic availability, especially for Class IV type drugs. Drug delivery systems in the form of nanoparticles (NP), can be appropriately formulated to alter the physicochemical properties of APIs, thereby addressing constraints related to absorption from the GIT. Polymers offer amenability in the fabrication of NP due to their diversity. Chitosan has emerged as a strong contender in orally deliverable NP because it is biocompatible, biodegradable and muco-adhesive. Due to the positively charged amine moieties within chitosan (NH3+), interactions with the negatively charged sialic acid of mucin within the mucosa is possible, which favors delayed GI transit and epithelial uptake. This ultimately results in improved systemic bioavailability. Thus, we expect research in the use of chitosan in oral NP delivery to intensify as we transcend the frontier toward clinical testing of viable formulations.","PeriodicalId":190194,"journal":{"name":"Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications [Working Title]","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128247727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

A Novel Drug Delivery System Based on Nanoparticles of Magnetite Fe3O4 Embedded in an Auto Cross-Linked Chitosan 基于自交联壳聚糖包埋纳米Fe3O4磁铁矿的新型药物递送系统

Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications [Working Title] Pub Date : 2020-11-21 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.94873

Damiri Fouad, Yahya Bachra, Grouli Ayoub, Amine Ouaket, A. Bennamara, N. Knouzi, M. Berrada

{"title":"A Novel Drug Delivery System Based on Nanoparticles of Magnetite Fe3O4 Embedded in an Auto Cross-Linked Chitosan","authors":"Damiri Fouad, Yahya Bachra, Grouli Ayoub, Amine Ouaket, A. Bennamara, N. Knouzi, M. Berrada","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.94873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94873","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, chitosan (CS) was given much attention as a functional biopolymer for designing various hydrogels for industrial, environmental and biomedical applications, but their biomedical use is limited due to the toxicity of the crosslinker agents. To overcome this inconvenience, we developed an auto cross-linked material based on a chitosan backbone that carries an amino and aldehyde moieties. This new drug delivery system (DDS) was designed by using oxidized chitosan (OCS) that crosslinks chitosan (CS). In the first part, a simple, rapid, low-cost and eco-friendly green method was introduced to synthesize magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) successfully. These nanoparticles Fe3O4 have received a great deal of attention in the biomedical field. Especially in a targeted drug delivery system, drug-loaded Fe3O4-NPs can accumulate at the tumor site by the aid of an external magnetic field and increase the effectiveness of drug release to the tumor site. In the second part, we have incorporated the Fe3O4-NPs into chitosan/oxidized chitosan solution because of their unique magnetic properties, outstanding magnetism, biocompatibility, lower toxicity, biodegradability, and other features. Three drugs (5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Caffeine and Ascorbic acid)) were embedded into the magnetite solution that became quickly a hydrogel. The successful fabrication of the hydrogels and ferrogels was confirmed by (FT-IR), (TGA), (SEM), (VSM) analysis at room temperature. Finally, results showed that our hydrogels and ferrogels may be technologically used as devices for drug delivery in a controllable manner.","PeriodicalId":190194,"journal":{"name":"Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications [Working Title]","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123945045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13