Visnyk of the Lviv University. Geology Series.最新文献

{"title":"THEORETICAL-METHODOLOGICAL AND CRITERION-CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF FORECASTING-METALLOGENIC RESEARCH","authors":"M. Pavlun","doi":"10.30970/vgl.36.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vgl.36.01","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical-methodological and criterion-conceptual basis of forecasting-metallogenic researches, and also the maintenance and methods of drawing up of metallogenic and forecasting maps as the most important practical reflection of laws of space-time distribution of solid minerals deposits have been analysed. Deposits are formed due to certain combinations of geotectonic, geochemical, petrological and actually ore-forming processes. Knowledge of informative interpenetration and logical interaction of these processes determines the rationality, reliability and success of predictive research of potentially ore-bearing rock complexes. Metallogenic features, and hence the signs (criteria) of the manifestation of mineralization are always different at different stages of the geological history of the Earth's crust. Therefore, forecasting-metallogenic works should be performed taking into account only real, objectively available geological-geochemical and geophysical parameters of mineralization, which can be traced, documented, mapped and fully or as much as possible objectified in the process of compiling metallogenic and forecast maps. The metallogenic map shows the patterns of formation and localization of useful minerals, metallogenic zoning of the country or individual regions, the classification of metallogenic objects. In the case of such maps, two approaches are used: paragenetic (localization of deposits is determined on the basis of generalization of information about the confinement of deposits to certain geological formations and tectonic structures) and genetic (applied to sedimentary minerals that are part of the stratigraphic section and reflect sedimentation processes). Today, forecast maps are preferred because, unlike metallogenic ones, they reflect conclusions about possible, but not yet discovered ore-bearing areas and deposits, their long-term assessment, often with a description of their species and sequence. In fact, the forecast map is not one map, but a set of maps with a corresponding explanatory note.","PeriodicalId":189907,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of the Lviv University. Geology Series.","volume":"16 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115104859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DESIGNS OF OIL-AND-GAS WELLS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE DRILLING RESULTS","authors":"Y. Krupsky, Valentyna Marusiak","doi":"10.30970/vgl.36.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vgl.36.05","url":null,"abstract":"The definition of the term “well” is provided in the article. The design of an oil-and-gas well in the Transcarpathian depressionis given as an example; the article contains explanations on which casing strings should be sunk, for what reason and how deep it should be done in order to get a positive result. This article demonstrates a scheme of equipping oil-and-gas wellheads with Christmas trees. Essential designs of project wells that ensure high-quality drilling resultsunder different geological conditions are shown in the article’s second part. The wells’ design on the territory of deposits with simple geological structure may be unsophisticated and include a conductor casing at a shallow depth and a flow string before overlaying of a payout bed. The deposits overlaid by sediments not during drilling require high density of drilling fluid; those sediments should be overlaid by a liner and continue to be drilled till payout beds and using fluids with low density. Multiple casing string designs are used under complex geological conditions and in case of extremely deep wells.","PeriodicalId":189907,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of the Lviv University. Geology Series.","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123947610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES (UAV) FOR GEOPHYSICAL OBSERVATIONS","authors":"Y. Vikhot, I. Bubniak, S. Kril, Vitaly Fourman","doi":"10.30970/vgl.36.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vgl.36.08","url":null,"abstract":"The article demonstrates the possibilities of using various types of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for geophysical research. UAVs are becoming a powerful tool for highspeed geophysical research in hard-to-reach areas for quick observation and measurements of certain parameters of physical fields. UAVs, capable of integrating geophysical sensors, become a powerful and effective tool for preparation of more detailed and more expensive geophysical observations of the Earth's physical fields for the study of the deep structure and detection of local anomalies. Obtaining spatial and geophysical data from unmanned aerial vehicles using sensors in combination with modern software and software modules allows to quickly and efficiently process data and obtain results of geophysical observations in the form of high-quality graphic material, point clouds, etc. in other specialized software","PeriodicalId":189907,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of the Lviv University. Geology Series.","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133816646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TURBIDITES IN THE MIDDLE PALEOCENE VARIEGATED FORMATIONS OF THE SKYBA NAPPE BETWEEN THE RIVERS OPIR AND SVICHA OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS","authors":"L. Heneralova, O. Kostyuk, Anton Heneralov","doi":"10.30970/vgl.36.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vgl.36.04","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of the study of sections of the Middle Paleocene variegated the Yaremche horizon in the skybas of Parashka, Skolivska, Orivska Skiba tectonic nappe. The work is based on the results of geological observations between the rivers Opir and Svicha and laboratory studies. The Yaremche horizon is characterized by rhythmic-cyclic interlayering of greenish-gray siltpsammitic and siltpelitic turbidites and cherry-red hemipelagites and pelagites. The purpose of the paper is to study the features of horizon sections and to establish the features of paleogeodynamic and paleogeographic modes of their formation. Rhythmostratigraphic study of the Yaremche horizon, allows it to be included in the sequence of the first order, which contains sequences of higher, second and third orders. Terrigenous and carbonate turbidites take part in the construction of sections of the Yaremche horizon. For turbidite sequences, both terrigenous and carbonate composition, are characterized by elements of textures A. Bouma Tdce. However, there are terrigenous layers that have a disordered texture with intervals (bottom up) of dish (plate) structure, which contain fluide escape “pipes”, convoluted limination with gravitational intralayer deformations (in flat top). These layers have an unsorted, multi-grained, pudding structure. The lower contact is erosive, the upper – smooth with hidden traces of erosion. These layers are parallelized by the mechanism of formation with deposits of fluidized (and/or liquefied) flows that occur at the final stage of turbidity currents. The study of petrographic features of petrotypes of turbidite sequences makes it possible to isolate chlidolites (pattums, mixstolites), which belong to greywackes in terms of the material composition of the fragments. The content of cement in them is not less than 10–25 % and indicates the turbulent flow nature of the clay-sand mass from which the deposits were formed. Among the greywackes, a separate group is occupied by fragmentary carbonate rocks – calcarenite-calcillite turbidites (Parashka skyba, Oryava river). They were formed during the redeposition of shelf carbonate material and/or intra-oceanic uplift material to the deep-water sedimentary basin of the continental shelf, which at the time of their accumulation had depths above the CCD. The formation of the Yaremche horizon took place at the foot of the continental slope of the passive outskirts of Eurasia, on the border of the deep-water plain of the External Carpathian flysch paleobasin during the temporary stabilization of the tectonic regime. The continental foothills pulsatingly changed their bathymetric parameters, due to convergent events between Eurasia and the microcontinents of the Tethys Ocean. They controlled the periodic approach and formation of flysch nappe units of accretion prisms on the active continental margin. The scientific results of the study will contribute to a better understanding of the geological s","PeriodicalId":189907,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of the Lviv University. Geology Series.","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123265585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEFORMATION PROPERTIES OF MIOCENE CLAYS IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF LVIV (AS BASED ON THE INDICATORS OF SWELLING AND SHRINKAGE)","authors":"P. Voloshyn, Nadiya Kremin","doi":"10.30970/vgl.36.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vgl.36.02","url":null,"abstract":"The results of experimental studies of the composition, physical properties and processes of swelling and shrinkage of Kosiv clays in the outskirts of Lviv are considered. The clays of the Kosiv suit occupy large areas in the Lviv city. They extend in the form of an almost continuous cover 3–5 km wide from the southeast of Zelena-street to the northwest of the village Riasna-Ruska. The total area occupied by clays exceeds 50 km2. The clay layer is covered by an almost continuous mantle with a thickness of 6– 10 m of degraded loess and other genetic types of sediments and is below the groundwater level, so their natural humidity does not change for a long time. The thickness of clays varies from 1–3 to 20–25 m. In some areas, in particular within the Lewandiwsky ledge of the Lviv plateau (Subotivska, Olesnytskoho, Syayvo streets, etc.), on the south-western outskirts of the plateau (Obroshyno village) and on the south-eastern slopes of Roztocze (Kleparivska street in Lviv, village of Vidnyky) they lie directly under the soil-vegetative layer or lowpower layer of man-made soil, in the aeration zone, directly are the subsoil of the foundations and have the ability to swell and shrink. Studies have shown that the mineralogical composition of the clay component contains 18.6 % montmorillonite, 35.1 % quartz, 17.5 % hydromica and 28.8 % feldspar. The particle size distribution of the soil is dominated by parts smaller than 0.01 mm. Clays have a firm consistency, low natural humidity and density. With additional moisture, they swell, and when moisture is lost, they shrink. The absolute value of the index of free-swell (sw) of the soil when it is moistened reaches 0.058, which gives reason to classify the soil as weakly swollen. The value of the swelling pressure is on average 0.48 MPa. The maximum linear shrinkage is 11 %, and volumetric – 18 %. The obtained data show that the Miocene clays (Kosiv suit) of the outskirts of Lviv are characterized by the ability to swell and shrink when their humidity changes and require detailed engineering and geological studies and a number of special measures to ensure the stability of buildings and constructions.","PeriodicalId":189907,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of the Lviv University. Geology Series.","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130729321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GEOLOGY OF THE SUB-SILESIAN NAPPE IN THE RIKA RIVER BASIN (UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS, HOLYATYN STRUCTURE)","authors":"O. Hnylko","doi":"10.30970/vgl.36.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vgl.36.03","url":null,"abstract":"The author's detailed geological mapping works suggest that the Holyatyn Structure (located near the villages of Holyatyn and Maidan in the Rika River basin, Ukrainian Carpathians, Transcarpathian administrative region) is a destructured fragment of the Sub-Silesian Nappe located in the Outer Carpathians between the Silesian and Skyba nappes. Within this structure, Lower Cretaceous–Oligocene deposits are developed among the Oligocene flysch of neighboring tectonic units. The stratigraphic succession of these deposits is represented by: dark to black flysch (Shypot Formation, Barremian–Albian); green shales with cherts; red and green shales and marls (Holyatyn Beds, Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene); greenish and dark to black flysch (Soimy Formation, Eocene); black shales, cherts and sandstones (Menilite Formation, Oligocene) and gray flysch with layers of black shales (Verets or Transitional Formation, Oligocene). The limestone blocks (unknown age) is developed in front of the thrust-sheet. According to sedimentological features (typical hemipelagites), age and microfauna content, the Holyatyn Beds correspond to the Weglowka Marls of the Subsilesian Unit in the Polish Carpathians, while the Weglowka Marls are a “diagnostic lithofacies” for the Subsilesian Unit. The Holyatyn Structure is probably an “extruded lens”, the anticline core of which is composed of deformed Lower Cretaceous flysch and ductile Upper Cretaceous clay-marly Holyatyn Beds. This extrusion apparently occurred after nappe structure forming and was caused by transpressive movements. In result, the relatively thin and ductile Subsilesian Nappe was stretched into separate tectonic lenses (large boudins ?) placed between the rigid flysch of neighboring tectonic nappes. One such lens is the Holyatyn Structure, which is similar to the transpressive “flower structure”. A ductile-type melange is exposed in the thrust zone of the Silesian/Sub-Silesian nappes. It suggests that the initial thrust stage occured in poorly consolidated water-saturated sediments.","PeriodicalId":189907,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of the Lviv University. Geology Series.","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132768353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVOLUTION AND SELF-ORGANIZATION OF KARSTS HYDROGEOLOGICAL SYSTEMS OF SALT DEPOSITS OF THE CARPATHIAN REGION","authors":"Vasyl Dyakiv","doi":"10.30970/vgl.36.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vgl.36.06","url":null,"abstract":"It has been established that hydrogeological systems in the conditions of the technologically altered geological environment of the salt deposits of the Carpathian region (Stebnytskyi, Kalush-Holinskyi, Solotvynskyi) behave as typical dissipative systems capable of evolution and self-organization. The evolution of karst hydrogeological systems consists in their genesis associated with the beginning of inflows of karst waters into mining productions, the successive growth of their aggressiveness and flow, the activation of karst collapse phenomena, undercutting of walls in mines and sides in quarries, self-isolation of exits of easily soluble minerals and suppression of man-made activated karst, up to complete cessation when salt-snow deposits are completely flooded. Selforganization of karst hydrogeological systems occurs through a cyclic change of four stages: 1) leaching of easily soluble minerals in an aggressive environment; 2) release of poorly soluble and insoluble components; 3) inhibition of leaching due to temporary blocking of easily soluble minerals by a protective layer of the released insoluble residue of terrigenous and poorly soluble minerals; 4) erosion-corrosion disintegration of the protective layer with a cyclical transition to stage 1. The established regularities of the evolution and self-organization of karst hydrogeological systems make it possible to predict the state of mining massifs disturbed by mining operations and salt karst, as well as to propose scientifically based solutions geoecological problems","PeriodicalId":189907,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of the Lviv University. Geology Series.","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134296977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FACTORS OF CATASTROPHIC ACTIVATION OF LINEAR EROSION AND ENGINEERING AND GEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF OPERATION SOLAR POWER PLANTS BUILT ON THE SLOPES AND ZONES OF INFLUENCE OF MINING AND CHEMICAL ENTERPRISES","authors":"Mykhailo Yaremovych, Vasyl Dyakiv, Elvira Jumelya","doi":"10.30970/vgl.36.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30970/vgl.36.07","url":null,"abstract":"The results of monitoring studies on the state of solar power plants in the zones of influence of mining and chemical enterprises are presented. The experience of construction and operation of these facilities has shown that, in comparison with other locations, specific “umbrella” effects can be manifested in areas with unstable soils, concentration of heavy rainfall, activation of erosion processes and changes in the engineering and geological conditions of soils at operation of solar power plants built in the zones of influence of mining and chemical enterprises. The described effects may be characteristic, not only for the described territories of disturbed lands, but also for any erosionally unstable landscapes, in which solar panels will act as rainwater concentrators that actively contribute to the development of near-surface linear erosion processes, especially in conditions of unregulated drainage and non-compliance with anti-erosion protection norms","PeriodicalId":189907,"journal":{"name":"Visnyk of the Lviv University. Geology Series.","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132682312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}