Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 3最新文献

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Study on Application of an Optimization Model for Assessing the Performance of Water Appropriation in Iraq 伊拉克水资源分配效益评价优化模型的应用研究

Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 3 Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/magees/v3/7044d

Ahmed A. Aljanabi, L. Mays, P. Fox

{"title":"Study on Application of an Optimization Model for Assessing the Performance of Water Appropriation in Iraq","authors":"Ahmed A. Aljanabi, L. Mays, P. Fox","doi":"10.9734/bpi/magees/v3/7044d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/magees/v3/7044d","url":null,"abstract":"The magnitude of water resources shortages in the Middle East represents an important factor in the stability of the region and it is a vital element in protecting sustained economic development in the region. This investigation addresses the ongoing challenge of water governance in Iraq by examining how profitability, at both the farm and basin levels, is affected by various water appropriation systems. Farmland irrigation in Iraq was evaluated using three water appropriation systems; upstream (UPR), downstream (DPR) and proportional (PSR) sharing rule. Their impacts on farm income under normal, dry, and drought water supply scenarios were evaluated using an irrigation water model coupled with a nonlinear programming (NLP) optimization model. As compared to UPR, PSR provided a 32% and 75% increase in total farm income for the Tigris River under dry and drought supply conditions, respectively. As compared to DPR, PSR provided a 47% and 83.5% increase in total farm income for the Euphrates River under dry and drought supply conditions, respectively. The results from this study are intended to provide guidance for decision makers in Iraq for potential future conditions where water supplies are reduced and demonstrate how it is feasible to adopt the PSR as an alternative and efficient water allocation rule due to its flexibility of providing fair water resource allocation in drought seasons.","PeriodicalId":18666,"journal":{"name":"Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 3","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91357573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phytochemical Screening and Antifungal Activity of Leaf Extracts of Prosopis africana and Anacardium occidentale against Macrophomina Root Rot of Sesamum indicum L. in Benue State, Central Nigeria 尼日利亚中部贝努埃州非洲藜和西方藜叶提取物对芝麻大霉根腐病的植物化学筛选及抑菌活性研究

Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 3 Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/magees/v3/6797d

M. Elaigwu, H. Oluma, A. Onekutu

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Temperature Variability Effect on Rice Production in Nasarawa State, Nigeria 尼日利亚纳萨拉瓦州温度变率对水稻生产影响的评估

Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 3 Pub Date : 2020-07-11 DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i830221

Oladeinde Stephen Olufemi, Magaji I. Joshua, Ekpo Abraham Salamatu

{"title":"Assessment of Temperature Variability Effect on Rice Production in Nasarawa State, Nigeria","authors":"Oladeinde Stephen Olufemi, Magaji I. Joshua, Ekpo Abraham Salamatu","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i830221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i830221","url":null,"abstract":"The output of cereal farmlands is imperative for sustainable global food security. Quantity of production from cereal croplands are partly a function of climatic elements and are connected to the pulses of climatic variation. Hence, this paper assessed temperature variability effect on rice production in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Daily maximum and minimum temperature data were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency and converted into monthly averages while annual rice production data was obtained from the office of Nasarawa State’s Agricultural Development Programme. Acquired data were analysed using Linear Multiple Regression Model, coefficient of variation and spatial data analysis techniques. Although rice production in the State is being affected by the fluctuations in both minimum and maximum monthly temperature, the later poses grave concern for sustainability of rice production with a negative effect size of -3.145 and a coefficient value of -191,324.30 metric tons. This negative impact of maximum temperature fluctuations on rice production indicates that rice production in Nasarawa State is vulnerable to climate variability with increasing maximum temperature. LGAs in the south senatorial district has more favourable locations for rice production in comparison to those in the North and West districts given that less temperature fluctuation was observed in the former. Government and non-governmental institutions as well as individuals planning to establish rice farm project(s) in the study area should consider doing so in the South Senatorial District in order to avoid the adverse effect of temperature variability.","PeriodicalId":18666,"journal":{"name":"Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 3","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88798638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7