ERN: Political Participation (Sub-Topic)最新文献

{"title":"ГОРОДСКАЯ ПАРТИСИПАТИВНОСТЬ В СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ (Participation in Cities in Sociological Discourse)","authors":"A. Beschasnaya","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3709017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3709017","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian abstract:</b> Введение. В настоящее время среди городского населения получает популярность социальная практика партисипативности, т. е. активного участия в преобразовании городского пространства в интересах жителей. Изучение данного феномена представляет интерес в связи с его очевидной интегрированностью с управленческими решениями. Партисипативность в синонимичных лексемах находит свое отражение во многих эмпирических исследованиях. Расширение практик реализации социальной активности населения и изучение компонентов партисипативности обусловливают постановку цели написания статьи – формирование теоретико-методологического базиса изучения данного феномена. <br>Методология и источники. В работе представлен аналитико-синтетический обзор классических и современных социологических теорий, которые раскрывают потенциал эмпирического изучения аспектов проявления партисипативности городских жителей. <br>Результаты и обсуждение. Зачастую жизнь в городе вскрывает проблемы, затрагивающие многих жителей. Проблемный характер проживания в городах и проникновение этих проблем в повседневное взаимодействие горожан формирует истоки солидарного участия горожан – индивидуально-частные интересы образуют коллективные действия-процессы. Множественные индивидуальные формы активности горожан по городскому благоустройству преобразуются в партисипативность – институционализированную деятельность по совместному управлению, принятию решений городских проблем. Ее участники могут занимать дифференцированные позиции в социальной структуре городского сообщества по критериям (1) наличия разнообразного опыта взаимодействия, т.е. обмена, с городской средой и (2) занятия позиции в структуре управления городом, что определяет уровень регламентируемых полномочий по принятию управленческих решений. Общие для разных категорий горожан проблемы городской жизни и типизация социальной активности по их решению упорядочивает взаимодействия участников, организовывает и «производит» городское пространство. В результате анализа теоретико-методологического социологического наследия возникли контуры исследовательской новизны изучаемого проблемного поля – сконструирована модель формирования партисипативного участия горожан в решении проблем городской жизни. В ней отражена последовательность преобразования от индивидуального участия по решению локальной городской проблемы до коллективного солидарного «производства пространства» в интересах реализации права на город.<br>Заключение. В результате обзора научного вклада ученых представлена теоретическая модель формирования городской партисипативности, которая позволяет проследить преобразование самодеятельной активности городского населения в право на город и формирование благоприятной городской среды<br><br><b>English abstract:</b> Annotation. Introduction. The social practice of participativeness, active participation in the transformation of urban space in the interests of residents, is gaining popularity among the urban population. The s","PeriodicalId":185282,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Political Participation (Sub-Topic)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134049355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family Income and the Intergenerational Transmission of Voting Behavior: Evidence from an Income Intervention","authors":"Randall K. Q. Akee, William E. Copeland, E. Costello, John B. Holbein, Emilia Simeonova","doi":"10.3386/W24770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W24770","url":null,"abstract":"Despite clear evidence of an income gradient in political participation, research has not been able to isolate the effects of income on voting from other household characteristics. We investigate how exogenous unconditional cash transfers affected voting in US elections across two generations from the same household. The results confirm that there is strong inter-generational correlation in voting across parents and their children. We also show—consistent with theory—that household receipt of unconditional cash transfers has heterogeneous effects on the civic participation of children coming from different socio-economic backgrounds. It increases children’s voting propensity in adulthood among those raised in initially poorer families. However, income transfers have no effect on parents, regardless of initial income levels. These results suggest that family circumstance during childhood—income in particular—plays a role in influencing levels of political participation in the United States. Further, in the absence of outside shocks, income differences are transmitted across generations and likely contribute to the intergenerational transmission of social and political inequality.","PeriodicalId":185282,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Political Participation (Sub-Topic)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122333985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Taste for Taxes: Minimizing Distortions Using Political Preferences","authors":"Emiliano Huet-Vaughn, Andrea Robbett, M. Spitzer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2944347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2944347","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We conduct an experiment with online workers to assess whether the distortionary effect of a tax is sensitive to the ideological match between taxpayer and tax expenditures. We find that, among self-identified political moderates, the labor supply elasticity with respect to the net of tax wage is significantly smaller when individuals pay taxes to a favored government agency as compared to an unfavored one. While the tax has a significant distortionary effect in the latter case, with a point estimate for the labor supply elasticity of approximately 0.77, the elasticity point estimate is close to zero when taxes go to a favored agency. There is also an increase in total output for the matched population among moderates. There is no evidence that these effects hold for self-identified liberals or conservatives.","PeriodicalId":185282,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Political Participation (Sub-Topic)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132802460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why are Cabinet Supporters Happy?","authors":"Y. Tsutsui, Shoko Yamane, F. Ohtake","doi":"10.11167/JBEF.10.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11167/JBEF.10.1","url":null,"abstract":"Using a monthly survey, this paper finds that supporters of the governing cabinet are significantly happier than non-supporters throughout our sample period. We investigate the reason and examine two hypotheses: 1) happy persons support the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, and 2) supporters of any governing party tend to be happy. Oaxaca decomposition analysis reveals that the difference in happiness is not attributable to the difference of attributes and personalities, rejecting hypothesis 1). On the other hand, the happiness of cabinet and anti-cabinet supporters was not significantly different after an election in which the governing party was replaced, supporting hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":185282,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Political Participation (Sub-Topic)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128673355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}