Prime Archives in Agricultural Research最新文献

{"title":"Reducing CO2 Flux by Decreasing Tillage in Ohio: Overcoming Conjecture with Data","authors":"Deb L. O'Dell, N. Eash, B. Hicks, Joel N. Oetting, T. Sauer, D. Lambert, J. Logan, W. Wright, J. Zahn","doi":"10.5539/JAS.V10N3P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JAS.V10N3P1","url":null,"abstract":"While the literature is clear about excessive tillage decreasing soil carbon (C) content, there are few experimental studies that document the comparative effects of soil and crop management on C sequestration. Using micrometeorology we measured CO2 flux from a maize crop grown on both no-till and tilled soils in north-central Ohio. We used Bowen Ratio Energy Balance (BREB) systems to quantify the flux between the atmosphere and either the soil surface (at crop planting) or 0.2 m above the canopy once the crop was established and growing. The no-till plot sequestered 263 g CO2 m-2 (90% confidence interval -432.1 to -99.9) while the tilled plot emitted 146 g CO2 m-2 (90% confidence interval -53.3 to 332.2) during 104 days of the 2015 growing season; a net difference of 410 g CO2 m-2. The difference is statistically significant at the 90% confidence level (based on a bootstrap analysis). The results indicate that no-tillage practices can sequester C, maintain soil productivity, and ensure landscape sustainability.","PeriodicalId":184130,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Agricultural Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131855369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Analysis of Rural Credit and Technical Assistance for Family Farmers in the Transamazonian Territory, in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"G. X. P. Filho, Miquéias Freitas Calvi, R. A. Castro","doi":"10.5539/JAS.V8N10P177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JAS.V8N10P177","url":null,"abstract":"In Brazil, Rural Credit and Technical Assistance policies for family farming were formulated with the goal of promoting rural development in a sustainable and integrated manner. This study is the result of the Monitoring and assessment of public policies for territory management in the Para Amazon project, undertaken by the Federal University of Para (UFPA), aimed to evaluate the main socioeconomic impacts and limitations for the execution of these policies in the Transamazonian Territory. It is characterized as qualitative and exploratory, developed from bibliographic research and field research, based on data obtained through interviews conducted with 22 families of farmers who are beneficiaries of Rural Credit, the B modality of the National Programme for Strengthening Family Agriculture (PRONAF) and of the Technical Assistance Policy, whose sample corresponds to 10% of total contracts made effective within that Territory, between the years of 2013 and 2014. In addition to these farmers, for the analysis of the Technical Assistance service, interviews were conducted with extension workers from eight organizations, one of which is a state public company and seven of which are outsourced companies hired by the Federal Government to provide this service. The descriptive analysis shows that PRONAF B focuses on areas that produce short cycle food crops and on fishing activities. The technical assistance service provided by the public company is carried out in all the cities within the Territory, but only meets 10% of the demand; the service provided by the outsourced companies also occurs in all cities and its greatest setback is the delay in the release of funds by the Federal Government, which generates delays in the agricultural calendar and discontinuity in the productive activities, due to the end of the term of the companies’ contracts.","PeriodicalId":184130,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Agricultural Research","volume":"298 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115926213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms and Sources of Resistance in Tropical Maize Inbred Lines to Chilopartellus Stem Borers","authors":"S. Munyiri, S. Mugo, M. Otim, J. Mwololo, P. Okori","doi":"10.5539/JAS.V5N7P51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JAS.V5N7P51","url":null,"abstract":"Developing maize with durable resistance to maize stem borers could be enhanced by identifying genotypes with different mechanisms of resistance and pyramiding the resistances into high yielding genotypes. This study was carried out on 120 CIMMYT tropical maize inbred lines to identify the most important mechanisms of resistance that could be used to discriminate the germplasm into resistant or susceptible categories. The experiment was laid in an α-lattice design, and replicated three times during the 2011/12 seasons. Traits measured were leaf toughness, stem penetrometer resistance, trichome density, stem sugar content, leaf damage, number of stem exit holes and stem cumulative tunnel length. A selection index was computed and categorized the 120 inbred lines into 33 resistant, 29 moderately resistant, 31 moderately susceptible and 27 susceptible. The most resistant lines were those derived from the CIMMYT multiple borer-resistant populations with CKSBL10039 being most resistant and CML395 most susceptible with indices of 0.49 and 1.84, respectively. Trichome density, leaf toughness and stem sugar content in that order were the most important traits in discriminating the lines into resistance and susceptible categories. More research is needed to classify the specific types of trichomes and sugars present in both resistant and susceptible inbred lines.","PeriodicalId":184130,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Agricultural Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121694655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits and Challenges of Serious Gaming - The Case of “The Maladaptation Game”","authors":"Therese Asplund, T. Neset, J. Käyhkö, L. Wiréhn, S. Juhola","doi":"10.37247/paar.1.2020.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37247/paar.1.2020.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184130,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Agricultural Research","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123128497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing and Modeling Environmental and Production Variables in Weaned Piglet Farms","authors":"M. R. Rodríguez, R. Besteiro, Tamara Arango, J. Ortega, M. D. Fernández","doi":"10.37247/paar.1.2020.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37247/paar.1.2020.20","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental variables and animal activity were analyzed to improve environmental control systems in conventional post weaning livestock buildings. Post weaning is a very sensitive phase in the rearing of piglets from 5 to 20 kg, mainly influenced by separation from the sow, mixing of litters and changes in diet or environment. For this reason, environmental requirements are Prime Archives in Agricultural Research 2 www.videleaf.com strict and changing. To achieve these requirements, livestock buildings have ventilation and heating systems, usually regulated by temperature-based controls. In addition to temperature, other important environmental variables include relative humidity, CO2 and NH3 concentrations. Other variables that characterize the state of the animal, such as animal activity, should be added to the environmental variables in order that indoor climate and animal behavior may serve as the basis for new environmental control strategies. Such strategies should contribute to achieving maximum performance with the lowest possible use of resources, while focusing on animal welfare and production efficiency.","PeriodicalId":184130,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Agricultural Research","volume":"10 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132609265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities for Quality Seed Production and Diffusion through Integration of the Informal Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"S. Munyiri","doi":"10.37247/paar.1.2020.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37247/paar.1.2020.19","url":null,"abstract":"In perpetuating the preferred crop species, seed is exchanged among family members, neighboring communities or between tribes and regions according to customs and practices in many African traditions. Overtime, this form of seed sharing and trade formed the basis of the informal seed system also referred to as the farmer-based system or the traditional system. The majority of farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are resource-poor and operate under myriad of constraints including technological, social, infrastructural and cultural limitations thus are mostly unable to access and source recommended quality crop seeds from the existing formal seed systems. Such seeds are pricey and their distribution channels are geographically limited in SSA. These challenges have partly resulted to the growth and persistence of the informal seed sector in the region. Crops established using poor quality seed lead to low yields and poor quality products. Most of the seeds exchanged in the informal sector do not meet the desired quality recommendations and these setbacks have been attributed to low crop production, disease and pest spread across farms and regions. While it is recognized that the informal sector is key in SSA, the challenge in enforcing quality has not been fully addressed to date. Further, due to overreliance on the formal sector for innovation dissemination, there is slow diffusion of new superior improved seeds. Seed is the most easily adopted innovation for improving agricultural productivity and ensuring food security. Essentially, all other agronomic efforts only enhance the inherent capability of a good seed, thus for greater yields, its quality must be unquestionable. The relative importance of the formal and informal seed suppliers is determined in part by biological and technical factors associated with seed production, multiplication, processing and distribution. The development of the formal seed system alone cannot solve the severe lack of quality planting materials in developing countries especially in SSA where perpetual food insufficiency is the norm. Enhancing the informal seed supply systems in the region could partly be achieved through gradual technical supported integration of the two seed systems and exploiting their synergy benefit at community levels. This review is premised on published work and has attempted to examine existing opportunities for enhancing quality seed production and distribution through integration of the two major systems.","PeriodicalId":184130,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Agricultural Research","volume":"94 4 Pt 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129479175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Breeding Tools in Vegetable Crops","authors":"J. Dias, R. Ortiz","doi":"10.37247/paar.1.2019.1-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37247/paar.1.2019.1-28","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetables are key ingredients in a well-balanced nutritious diet. Their worldwide rising consumption reveals the awareness of their health benefits. The major biotic factors affecting vegetable production are pathogens causing diseases, insects and nematodes pests, and weeds. Vegetables are also sensitive to drought, flood, heat, frost and salinity. Plant breeding provides means for introducing host plant resistance, adapting crops to stressful environments, and developing cultivars with the desired produce quality. The genetic enhancement of vegetables aims Prime Archives in Agricultural Research 2 www.videleaf.com achieving the market-driven quality along with agronomic performance needed by growers. Trait heritability, gene action, number of genes controlling the target trait(s), heterosis and genotype × environment interactions determine the vegetable breeding method to use. Coupled with the use of dense DNA markers and phenotyping data, quantitative genetic analysis facilitates dissecting trait variation and predicting merit or breeding values of offspring. Genomics, phenomics and breeding informatics further facilitate screening of target characteristics, thus accelerating the finding of desired traits and contributing gene(s) in vegetables. Genomic estimated breeding values are used today for predicting traits, thus replacing the routine of expensive phenotyping with inexpensive genotyping. Genetic engineering protocols for transgenic breeding are available in various vegetables, and may be useful if target trait(s) are unavailable in genebank or breeding population. Transgenic cultivars could overcome some limiting factors in vegetable production such as pathogens, pests, and weeds, thus reducing pesticide residues, human poisoning and management costs in horticulture. Gene editing can be also a useful approach for improving traits in vegetables and speed breeding. Examples are taken from various vegetables (including root and tuber crops) to show how these advances translate in genetic gains and save time and resources in their breeding.","PeriodicalId":184130,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Agricultural Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125165044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Transgenic Vegetable and Fruit Breeding","authors":"J. Dias, R. Ortiz","doi":"10.37247/paar.1.2019.1-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37247/paar.1.2019.1-46","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184130,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Agricultural Research","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132651570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding and Changing Farming, Food & Fiber Systems. The Organic Cotton Case in Mali and West Africa","authors":"Gian L Nicolay","doi":"10.37247/paar.1.2020.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37247/paar.1.2020.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184130,"journal":{"name":"Prime Archives in Agricultural Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129858481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}