Marine Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Filter feeders living on suspension feeders: New insights into the lifestyle and distribution of Arcturidae Dana, 1849 (Crustacea: Isopoda) around Iceland","authors":"Vivien Lukas Hartmann, Emanuel Pereira, Nancy F. Mercado‐Salas, Anne‐Nina Lörz, Jörundur Svavarsson, Saskia Brix","doi":"10.1111/maec.12826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12826","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of the present study was on arcturid isopods occurring in the subarctic region around Iceland. Data from two decades of sampling with an epibenthic sledge (EBS) during numerous expeditions of the BIOICE (Benthic Invertebrates of Icelandic Waters; 1992–2004) and IceAGE (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology; 2011—ongoing) projects were incorporated into an integrative taxonomy approach. This approach linked distribution records, morphological and molecular examinations, with video and image data observed during recent expeditions in 2018 (MSM75) and 2020 (SO276) using the Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) PHOCA and Kiel 6000 from GEOMAR. The resulting dataset from 120 sampling locations included 6852 specimens, a large percentage of which were fixed in formalin during BIOICE. Ethanol‐fixed specimens collected during IceAGE were used to link morphotypes with haplotypes and occurrence locations, focusing on the coral association of the genus <jats:italic>Astacilla</jats:italic> Cordiner, 1793. The IceAGE sampling was complemented by ROV image and video data and noninvasive sampling, making it possible to obtain pictures of living specimens of <jats:italic>A. longicornis</jats:italic>. The species <jats:italic>A. longicornis</jats:italic> Sowerby, 1806 showed a distribution linked to cold‐water occurrence and was sampled from <jats:italic>Paramuricea placomus</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Astacilla boreaphilis</jats:italic> Stranky &amp; Svavarsson, 2006, occurring only south of Iceland, showed high morphological variation in the spine pattern of adult females, while the molecular results indicated no clear pattern of potentially ongoing species radiation or cryptic species. <jats:italic>Astacilla granulata</jats:italic> was exclusively found north of Iceland. Thus, the species' distribution is potentially influenced by the Greenland‐Faroe Ridge, which separates the North Atlantic from the Arctic Ocean.","PeriodicalId":18330,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Greenland–Scotland Ridge in a Changing Ocean: Time to Act?","authors":"Christophe Pampoulie, Saskia Brix, H. Randhawa","doi":"10.1111/maec.12830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12830","url":null,"abstract":"The Greenland–Scotland Ridge is a submarine mountain that rises up to 500 m below the sea surface and extends from the east coast of Greenland to the continental shelf of Iceland and across the Faroe Islands to Scotland. The ridge not only separates deeper ocean basins on either side, that is, the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans, but also forms a geomorphological barrier between the cold arctic water masses of the Nordic Seas and the comparably contrastingly warmer water of the North Atlantic Ocean. It is therefore situated at a strategic geographical position in relation to the effect of climate change in the Arctic region. Both the Arctic and the Atlantic subpolar ecosystems are facing each other at the ridge, creating oceanic fronts in the Denmark Strait and in the Iceland–Faroe ridge alike. This ridge in the subarctic area forms the southern boundary of the North Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean, affecting exchanges of oceanic currents and of marine organisms between the two main ecosystems in the Nordic polar region. For example, the appearance of natural invasive species such as the Atlantic mackerel in this region mainly occurred along the ridge, with arrival through the Scotland–Faroe Islands mount with subsequent waves of colonization which eventually reached the southern tip of Greenland. With the increasing impacts of climate change, such natural colonization through the ridge is likely to happen more frequently and affect regional ecosystems. Yet, the human resources and the economy of the local nations on the ridge are rather limited compared to neighboring countries. With a total of less than half a million people inhabiting the area and a total ocean surface of circa 3 million km2 of continental shelf, Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and Scotland will face critical challenges in the coming years with respect to biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of marine resources. Here is a summary of what we know, what we might expect, and an opening to potential discussions for the future of research in this region. The main objective of this paper is calling attention to much needed additional research effort on the marine environment around the Greenland–Scotland Ridge, instead of presenting a comprehensive overview of research in this area.","PeriodicalId":18330,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding marine biodiversity patterns and drivers: The fall of Icarus","authors":"Roberto Danovaro","doi":"10.1111/maec.12814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12814","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity patterns are fundamental in our understanding of the distribution of life, ecosystem function, and conservation. In this concept analysis, A survey of the existing knowledge on marine biodiversity patterns and drivers across latitudes, longitudes, and depths indicates that none of the postulated patterns represent a rule. The paradigm of latitudinal gradients or bathymetric patterns of diversity vary across biogeographic regions or biodiversity components, kingdoms, or body sizes. The same holds true for the hypothesized longitudinal and cost‐offshore patterns. Food availability and temperature influence all life forms and appear to be the most relevant factors shaping marine biodiversity. However, these drivers interact with many other variables such as spatial heterogeneity, ecological and physical processes creating a complex mosaic of shaping factors that limits any prediction. Climate change, with its implications for global primary productivity and temperature rise, can represent one of the major influences on future marine biodiversity. Understanding biodiversity emphasizes the need to complete the census of marine life in the next decade. The effort must use the most advanced technologies, develop holistic approaches and promote the integration of morphological‐ and genetic‐based taxonomy to explore the biodiversity of organisms of all size classes, at large spatial scales and across habitat types, particularly open ocean and deep‐sea ecosystems. Without this basic knowledge, coupled with identification of the drivers shaping the observed patterns, we will be unable to fill these knowledge gaps that are crucial for developing adequate conservation measures of marine biodiversity at global scale.","PeriodicalId":18330,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal effects on recruitment of five gadoid species","authors":"Ingibjörg G. Jónsdóttir, Jón Sólmundsson, Jónas P. Jonasson, Pamela J. Woods","doi":"10.1111/maec.12816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12816","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial fishing is almost always non‐random and generally removes large and old individuals from fish stocks, thereby reducing age diversity among spawners. Reduced age diversity may result in less stable recruitment. Here, we explore the influence of age diversity (<jats:italic>H</jats:italic>), mean age of the spawning stock (MA) and sea surface temperature (SST) on recruitment‐per‐spawning biomass (RSSB) for five commercial gadoid species (Atlantic cod, haddock, ling, saithe and tusk) by using data from analytical stock assessment spanning 4–7 decades. In the past 10–20 years, spawning stock biomass of these species (except for tusk) has increased due to lower fishing pressure. Concurrently, <jats:italic>H</jats:italic> and MA increased, especially for cod. However, our results did not indicate long term either positive or negative correlation between the maternal factors (<jats:italic>H</jats:italic> and MA) and RSSB for four of the studied species. Cod was the only species that showed significant positive correlation between <jats:italic>H</jats:italic> and RSSB, but the correlation did not hold during the most recent period of high SST. The conflicting outcomes underscore the difficulty in identifying a constant and direct maternal and/or environmental influence on RSSB.","PeriodicalId":18330,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gulf of Naples as a model system for plankton ecology studies","authors":"Adriana Zingone, Domenico D'Alelio, Maria Grazia Mazzocchi","doi":"10.1111/maec.12779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12779","url":null,"abstract":"Plankton play a fundamental role in coastal and oceanic ecosystems as a key component of biogeochemical cycles and pelagic trophic webs and contribute to determining and maintaining the health of the oceans. More than half of the world's population living along the coasts relies on services offered by plankton in terms of seafood availability and seawater quality, at the same time altering coastal margins and affecting marine ecosystems (Vitousek et al., 1997). Therefore, monitoring, quantifying and understanding the responses of plankton to the variability of the coastal environment represent an urgent challenge to the scientific community, and even more so in an epoch of rapid changes. Yet, because of the prevalent microscopic nature of planktonic organisms and logistic hindrances, research in this field started developing only in the second half of the XIX century. One of the first marine sites for plankton studies in the world was the Gulf of Naples (GoN), a coastal embayment of the mid-Tyrrhenian Sea in the western Mediterranean. The GoN is located in the temperate zone but with subtropical characteristics, under the anthropogenic impacts from one of the most densely populated areas of the Mediterranean Sea contrasted by the influence of the oligotrophic open Tyrrhenian waters. Consequently, the GoN is a mosaic of areas with different ecological conditions, where highly impacted habitats coexist with relatively pristine localities and marine protected areas. Studies on the plankton of the GoN were fostered by scientists working at the Stazione Zoologica (SZN), the first marine institution in Europe funded in 1872 by Anton Dohrn. Plankton of the GoN were initially analysed to unveil their extraordinary diversity (e.g. Giesbrecht, 1892) and diverse phenology (De Angelis, 1958; Indelli, 1944; Issel, 1934). In the second half of the last century, studies also focused on plankton taxonomy, life cycles and distribution in space and time, until regular monitoring was started in 1984 with a long-term ecological research programme at the site MareChiara (LTER-MC), which is part of the Italian, European and international LTER networks as of 2006. LTER-MC is located two nautical miles off the coast of the city of Naples in an area that can be alternatively influenced by the eutrophic coastal zone and the oligotrophic waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Over the years, LTER-MC has proved to be not only a valuable observatory of the diversity, complexity and temporal variability of plankton but also a precious natural laboratory to test hypotheses that emerged from field observations (reviewed by Zingone et al., 2019). In this Special Issue, we have collected the results of the most recent ecological investigations conducted on the plankton of the GoN with the intent to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the SZN foundation, an important occasion that has been widely commemorated (Boero et al., 2023). The Special Issue focuses on phyto- and zooplankton and thei","PeriodicalId":18330,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology","volume":"20 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135684671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}